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2.7 Monitoring physiological measurements it´s important to make sure the individual health status and also necessary after surgery, as patients in intensive care units require continuous monitoring, and sometimes have medications that requires physical measurements taken. These are measurements we take to ensure that they are functioning in the way they are supposed to. When we carry out physiological measurements, such as measuring temperature, pulse and respiration, we are monitoring for signs of abnormality. Then be able to draw conclusions about the health status of the individual and any treatments they may

SEIDAL, H, M., BALL, J, W., DAINS, J, E., BENEDICT, G, W. (2006) Mosby’s Guide to Physical Examination. 6th edn. Philadelphia: Elsevier.

health, blood pressure, heart rate, temperature, blood sugar, and urine can be monitored self, and also can

Vital signs are a fundamental component of nursing care and indicate the body’s ability to maintain blood flow, regulate temperature and regulate oxygenate the body tissue. Taking vital signs are essential in revealing any sudden changes in the body, which could potentially indicate clinical deterioration of the patient.

The head to toe physical assessment is to be performed in less than 10 minutes using a stethescope, pen light, your hands, and observational skills. It comprises of four different techniques: IPPA inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation. This sequence, in apparent order, is used for al systems except for the abdominal assessment, which requires auscultation before palpation and percussion. Inspection is visually examining the person, focusing on one area of the body at a time. Palpation is using touch, feeling for texture, size, consistency, and location of body parts. Auscultation is listening for sounds within the body, mainly listening the lungs, heart, as well as the abdomen with the use of a stethoscope. Percussion is tapping an area of the body with the fingers and is usually a special assessment skill that the RN or physician uses, not a practical student nurse.

I. INTRODUCTION- Did you know about 234 million major surgeries are performed each year? Today surgeries are top notch and can fix almost anything, whether it is fixing a broken nose or a heart transplant. Although, where did surgery start out and how did it affect life? In The History of Philosophy: A Short Survey by James Fieser, Fieser explains how a couple of brilliant minds paved the way for a surgery and medicine take over the world. Before the Renaissance, everything was based on religion or god. Once people started to prove religion wrong with science the world was flipped upside down. Surgery in the Renaissance destroyed religion, because everything went from theory to fact.

Some of the units in my hospital are equipped with monitors. One of such units is the Intensive Care Units (ICU) where critically ill patients who may need intubation and require their vitals to be monitored round the clock are admitted. In my unit, we use a vital signs machine. The type we use can take the four most important vitals with a push of one button. These four most important signs are taken to assess the general physical health of the patient. The four vital signs are:

Vital signs: clinical measurements, specifically pulse rate, temperature, respiration rate, and blood pressure, that indicate the state of a patient's essential body functions.

Physical exam and history-An exam to check for sign of disease, such as lumps. A history of the patient’s past illnesses and treatments go along with the exam.

Vital signs are an important measurement for a general assessment of a patient’s overall cardiovascular risk. The use of vitals signs should be regularly incorporated in the practice of physical therapy like other settings of the health care as a pre-screening measure. Vital sign assessment provides invaluable information to determine if the patient’s health is appropriate for physical activity or if the patient needs to be further assessed for cardiovascular health by referral to a specialist. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is known to be one of the top causes of deaths, with an approximate two out of three deaths resulting from CVD happening as condition outside of a hospital. The high rate of CVD continually is present as a health risk for mortality, according to the World Health Organization. Many times mortality from CVD happens without any preceding symptoms. There is an apparent need to screen patients prone to an increased risk of a CVD with the frequent rate of occurrence for a cardiovascular accident (CVA). The benefit of vital sign screenings overall promote an optimal wellness prevention of disease and the best treatment standards within the physical therapy practice (Lin, Zhang, & Zhang, 2013).

Taking and recording patients' vital signs, temperature, blood pressure, pulse, and respiration and weight. Reporting any deviation

Monitor vital parameters like temperature, pulse, blood pressure and ECG to ensure that patient is fit for surgery. Keep the blood results in her file a with the INR results for further reference.

Nowadays it’s easy to learn about the body, we have all the tools at our fingertips, like the internet, books, teachers, and experts. Just 500 years ago, Leonardo da Vinci and Andreas Vesalius were devising the first anatomical drawings that built the base for anatomy and medicine. And while da Vinci was in Italy drawing his beliefs, Ambroise Paré was in France on the battlefield inventing new ways to stop arteries from bleeding, and new and improved approaches to amputation. And many others like Paracelsus, the radical of alchemy, and William Harvey, the father of the circulatory system, were gaining acclaim for their advanced and contemporary ideas of medicine. The great minds of the Renaissance built a foundation for a groundbreaking understanding of biology, physiology, anatomy, surgical procedures, and the

Ingelfinger describes medicine as an art, it is the ability of a physician to show their patients compassion and understanding and be able to explain situations that allow the patients to understand. On the other hand, Physician that lack the art of medicine may be well informed, passed exams to practice medicine or even a certified specialist but their effectiveness will be severely limited, Ingelfinger believes people who lack human relations should not be physicians despite their intelligence. He also discusses medical art disappearing due to technological advancements, political issues, and government regulation. Although there are many definitions of medical art it can be assumed physicians who are motivated, observant, able to understand

various bodily substances (e.g. cholesterol, glucose, etc.), pulse rate, respiration rate and other health-related criteria. A patient monitoring system for providing continuous