Essay on lumbar disc problems

When it affects your neck, it takes place in the top seven vertebrae in your spine, known as the cervical spine. Over time, or if you suffer an injury, your discs can break down. Oftentimes, the proteins contained within the disc space can cause a good amount of inflammation, which can result in pain, tingling, and numbness in your neck, shoulders, arms, and even hands.

Obtain a lumbar myelogram. If the myelogram confirms the disk herniation procedure with discectomy the following day.

DOI: 06/23/2011. This is a case of 41-year-old male maintenance worker who sustained injury to the low back while taking off a sliding door of a patio. As per OMNI notes, patient is diagnosed with lumbar disc disorder with myelopathy. MRI of the lumbar spine dated 6/28/15 revealed recurrent left paramedian L4-5 disc herniation with caudal extrusion of a 10 mm fragment into the left L5 lateral recess. As per office notes dated 7/25/16, the patient is status post redo left L5-S1 discectomy performed on 4/20/16. It was also noted that the patient had a prior L5 laminotomy several years ago. He subsequently did well. However, he had recurrence of his pain. Pain is radiating into his left leg worse on the right leg. This was unresponsive to conservative

Sciatic nerve pain is frequently seen as a a tingling sensation, sharp pain or numbness down the lower limb or even in one region on the leg, often only on the one hand. It is additionally ordinarily a pain that is certainly quite hard to eliminate as it's a result of sciatica, which can be attributable to a variety of things. However sciatica pain is usually crippling.

11/13/14 MRI of the lumbar spine showed 4mm left paracentral and foraminal disc protrusion at L4-5, which mildly impinges upon the thecal sac and the proximal left L5 nerve root. The disc protrusion also moderately narrows the left foramen and lateral recess. There was also a 2mm posterior central disc protrusion at L5-S1. A 2mm disc bulge at L2-3 was seen. There was a mild degenerative facet and ligament flava hypertrophy at L4-5 and

Aside from complaints of symptoms associated with common colds, complaints of backaches in adults are the most frequent ones that doctors hear. Unfortunately, for millions of people these backaches are chronic and painful conditions. Those that suffer from chronic low back pain may try numerous methods to relieve their pain without success. To successfully treat low back pain, patients should first be aware of the myths and realities of low back pain.

Possible symptoms of a herniated disc include pain that radiates through the back and possible down the arms or legs, depending on the location of the herniation. There can also be noted numbness and weakness of the arms and neck. Some people may not even know that they have a herniated disc because not all cases present with leg or back pain. Other signs and symptoms of a herniated disc may include muscle spasms or deep muscle pain. In extreme cases, a patient may present with weakness in both legs and/or the loss of bladder control and bowel control. This is a serious problem called cauda equine syndrome and requires immediate medical attention.

Herniated discs are particularly brutal, due to their position directly behind the spinal cord. When a disc ruptures, the ‘jelly’ inside can spill out into the nerves. This results in severe pain that radiates through the back and sometimes down the legs, as in my case. For more than two years, it felt like I had a knife embedded in my lower back.

Roughly, 80% of the population will experience lower back pain once in their lifespan, while two-thirds of the population will experience neck pain. As ludicrous as it might appear, the ugly truth about slipped disc complications is that they are increasing at an alarming rate. Back pain and neck pain are the most common reasons of immobility in individuals under 45 years old. It is now very ubiquitous and not only found in elderly, or after a traumatic happening. A slipped disc can happen throughout the entire spine but is most common in the cervical and lumbar area. Inappropriate posture, unwarranted or protracted axial weight-bearing activities are the culprits; in other words, extended sitting or lifting and carrying of hulking objects that cause uneven distribution of weight across your spinal joint or the spinal discs. Over the time, axial loading (sitting or carrying weighty loads) can dehydrate your spinal disc. Dehydration of the

The pathogenic mechanisms leading to the development of LBPP remain poorly understood. However, ongoing research is advancing the understanding on the pathophysiology and many explanations have been advocated. Studies suggest that low back pain is commonly caused by disorders of the vertebrae and intervertebral joints, back muscles and ligaments, and spinal mechanics (Porth, 2011). The lower back (lumbar) is made up of five vertebrae (L1-L5) containing fibro cartilaginous discs to prevent the vertebrae from colliding, and protecting the spinal cord. The spine is stabilised by the multifidous muscles and ligaments of the back and abdomen. Additionally, facet joints support and enable spinal movement (Hughes et al., 2012) (Salzberg, 2012). An intervertebral disc consists of a gelatinous core covered by a fibrous ring (Hughes et al., 2012). Normally, the blood vessels and nerves flows outside of the disc, however if the discs loses its ability to manage physical forces, it

In between each vertebrae of the spine lies a fibrocartilaginous cushion, known as an intervertebral disc. However, when there is an issue occurring that causes the intervertebral disc to not function properly as a cushion between the vertebras of the spine, such as intervertebral disc herniation, other complications can arise. Neck and back pain is a common issue faced by adults of various ages. Back pain is accountable for second most frequent cause for visits to the hospital, fifth most common reason for admission to the hospital, and the third most common cause of surgical procedures (Taylor, Deyo, Cherkin, & Kreuter, 1994) Intervertebral disc herniation of the spine is often the culprit of this pain. In this paper the etiology, pathology, clinical course, signs and symptoms, prognosis, occupational therapy treatment protocol, and the overall effect on the person affected by a herniated disc will be discussed.

2010). The patient history diagnosis is the first approach, sensation, reflexes and strength are examined, this is because sciatica is mainly diagnosed by its particular pain symptoms (Pullman-Mooar, 2013). The physical examination is dependent on neurological testing (Koes et al. 2007). If the pain is continual for more than six weeks after the patient history is taken, a physical examination will be completed (Pullman-Mooar, 2013). Imaging is used to distinguish if nerve root compression is visible initiated by a herniated disc (Jarvik et al. 2002). The Lasegue’s sign or most commonly known as the straight-leg-raising test is frequently used (Valat et al. 2010). A test conducted by Deville et al. 2000 demonstrates that the straight-leg-raising test has a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 26.4%, whereas the crossed straight-leg test has a sensitivity of 29% and a specificity of 88%. No tests have been conducted that have resulted in both a high sensitivity and a high specificity. Other diagnostic tests include the computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which are used to diagnose physical defects that cause sciatica (Pullman-Mooar, 2013). As well as, electromyography, evoked potential testing, nerve conduction velocity testing and myelography. Yet, since the popularity of the MRI is increasing, myelography use is decreasing. Problems in

DDD can take place within the spine but most often occurs at the lumbar disc levels and also the cervical disc level. More so the lumbar region because of the amount of weight distributed at the L-1 to L-5 levels. Herniated discs which is an abnormal bulge open of a spinal disc is common

Disc herniation is damage to "the intervertebral" as a shock absorber between the vertebrae of the spine. The injury means that the disk becomes inflamed and give back pain, a molvärk the lumbar spine. The disk may bulge out on the nerves in the spine and cause pain that radiates down the leg. One can also get a herniated disc in the cervical spine.

However, there are some important concepts such as avoidance of axial loading when prescribing exercises to patients with disc pathology as this is strongly related to degenerative changes although there is no gold standard tool for measuring lumbar compression load (Hung, Y.J.et al., 2014). Hours spent sitting significantly increased the prevalence of disc herniation. Sitting is also associated with loss of the lumbar lordosis, intervertebral disc (IVD) compression, and height loss, possibly increasing the risk of lower back pain (Fryer, J.C., Quon, J. A., & Smith, F. W. (2010). Hence, offering variable positions when exercising patients best minimizes seated exercises. Little is known about the correlation between the extent of disc herniation and clinical signs and symptoms, neither were there any reported correlation between improvement in functions nor the pain reduction as visually reported, other than the reduction in sizes of disc herniation among the four segment levels (L2 –L3 = n 6, L3-L4 n=17, L4- L5 n= 51 c, and L5- S1 n= 4), indicative of morphological regression of herniated disk during their repeated MR as reported by the research of Unlu, Tasci, Tarhan, Pabuscu, & Islak in 2008. Hence, physical assessment and a thorough physical therapy