The Historical Development of Carrefour and its Competitive Advantage in Taiwan- An Analysis on the Basis of Customer Value Pei CHAO Assistant Professor, Department of Marketing and Distribution Management National Koahsiung First University of Science and Technology 1 University Road, Yuanchau, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan, R. O. C Tel: 886-7-6011000 ext. 4224; Fax: 886-7-6011043 E- mail: peichao@ccms.nkfust.edu.tw Hitoshi TSUCHIYA Senior Instructor, Department of Marketing and Distribution Management National Koahsiung First University of Science and Technology 1 University Road, Yuanchau, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan, R. O. C Tel: 886-7-6011000 ext. 4213; Fax: 886-7-6011043 E- mail: hitoshi@ccms.nkfust.edu.tw 1 The Historical …show more content…
In 2005, Carrefour ’s corporate annual revenue was about NT$ 56 billion (40% of the total sales volume in the hypermarket sector) that was twice more than that of the second hypermarket retailer- RT Mart. 3 Carrefour has been a pioneering retailer undertaking international expansion since its first entrance to Belgium in 1969. Within the internationalization process for more than three decades, Carrefour has achieved mixed consequences in different countries. Carrefour is the leader within European countries such as Spain, Belgium, Greece and Italy, becomes the number one in Taiwan and holds a leading position in Brazil. On the contrary, Carrefour withdrew from the U.S. market in 1993, Hong Kong in 2000, Hungary in 2003, Japan in 2004 and Poland in 2005. Elsewhere, Carrefour is still striving for its survival in the marketplaces such as South Korea and Thailand. It is interesting to inquire why Carrefour experienced success in some countries but failed in others. The explanation to Carrefour’s success and failure may come from different theoretical perspectives. In this study, however, we tend to apply the concept of customer value to account for why Carrefour has been successful in establishing its competitive advantage, relative to inter- and intra- institutional competitors, since its entering to the Taiwan marketplace in 1989. This study is organized as follows: first, we discuss theories of institutional evolution, which
In late June 1863, Confederate General Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia passed through western Maryland and invaded Pennsylvania. General Lee believed that by invading the North, he could draw the Union Army of the Potomac away from their defenses and force them to come after him. He also assumed the people of the North would be so demoralized if the Union were to lose another major battle, especially if it was fought on Northern soil, that President Abraham Lincoln would be forced to negotiate a settlement of the Civil War. On 01 July 1863, then Colonel Joshua Chamberlain, and his 20th Maine received word to begin movement to
With German forces on the run following the Allied success at Normandy and the breakout and pursuit across France, Allied forces were staged to enter Germany in late summer 1944. Both Field Marshal Montgomery and General Bradley clamored to be given the priority of effort. General Eisenhower chose Montgomery’s Operation MARKET GARDEN as the plan for action. It called for airborne forces to open the route for a ground force to move more than sixty miles up a single road, ending up north of the Rhine River near Arnhem, Netherlands. By accomplishing this task, the German Ruhr industrial heartland would be within easy grasp. But the operation failed. The ground force
Being late does not make one important. Tardiness is a very unattractive quality when it comes to most aspects of one’s life: family functions, meetings, interviews, and especially a job. While a family may forgive tardiness, a job will not. Being late once or twice in one’s life is unavoidable. Being consistently tardy makes one unreliable and shows a lack of respect for other people’s time and obligations. Being late tells others that one person can be waited on, while everyone else can’t. People do not like when their feelings were not taken into consideration, when they took the time to consider others.
Operation Safety Net is a local program for the city of Pittsburgh that strives to better the lives of individuals who are homeless. As described on the program’s website, Operation Safety Net provides its consumers with necessary health care and an increase of hope and self-esteem (Operation Safety Net, 2015). This program has proven to help close the critical health inequity of homeless individuals living without healthcare. Healthy People 2020 define a health disparity as, “a particular type of health difference that is closely linked with social, economic, and/or environmental disadvantage.” (Disparities, para 6, 2015). This includes individuals having access to safe housing, culturally aware health care professionals and the opportunity to have health insurance. Therefore, there is a clear rationale for the Operation Safety Net program to be assisting people in Pittsburgh experiencing these inequities.
Accountability (noun) Being responsible or liable for someone or something at the state of event and or situation.
In order to really delve into the topic of Mission Command, we must first accurately define it. So what is Mission Command? Per doctrine, Mission Command is “the exercise of authority and direction by the commander using mission orders to enable disciplined initiative within the commander’s intent to empower agile and adaptive leaders in the conduct of unified land operations.” Now that’s a mouthful. But, what does it really mean? In simplified terms, mission command is the way a leader develops and leads his subordinates into accomplishing the mission while leaving room for leaders to take ownership and initiative in completing the mission.
No matter if you stay in for one enlistment or two, the depth of the Marine Corps is unknown so knowledge will continuously flow and it is endless. All Marines get taught the basics of being a leader in entry level training, but only a few can react to help form their trait into an elite skill only for them. In order to become the elite you have to build a "Foundation of Values" (pg.31) so that respect in all aspects will become evident between the followers and their leader(s). While setting the example it does not matter what rank you are, you still show that the standards that you hold will reflect on who you are as a person and a Marine. Each Marine chooses how their standards and ways will become beneficial not only to the Marine Corps, but to themselves also. Why do ethics make conducting a moment of decision making so hard? At some point and time every Marine will come to a point in their career or life where the grey area will be the path they choose, but will not think that it is the right way. Moral and ethic dilemmas are common more and more each day. Every Marine is taught to be the toughest both physically, and mentally.
What is accountability? The obligation imposed by law or lawful order or regulation on an officer or other person for keeping accurate record of property, documents, or funds. The person having this obligation may or may not have actual possession of the property, documents, or funds. Accountability is concerned primarily with records, while responsibility is concerned primarily with custody, care, and safekeeping.
NonCommissioned Officers are the backbone of the Marine Corps. Each leader is very different from the other. Some Marines enjoy being a corporal only because of the increase in rank and pay. A few become the tactless leaders junior Marines try to avoid. Fortunately, many others strive to become the leader that other Marines wish to emulate. They know what it means to be a good leader. Those Marines have the traits of a leader and they get to know their Marines
November 10, 1775, is revered as being the Marine Corps birthday, and its birthplace being at Tun Tavern, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The Continental Congress met at Tun Tavern, to establish two battalions of Continental Marines, under the command of Cpt. Samuel Nicholas, as an amphibious fighting force who would later in March of 1776, participate in their first foreign raid, in the Bahamas (www.globalsecurity.org ). After the Treaty of Paris
Many people are concerned about the U.S. military because of how many risks come with joining it. However, the U.S. military also explains the benefits that one could receive. Joining the military is a decision that should not be taken lightly. One must understand all aspects of the military. In order for a voter to be fully informed about joining the US military, one must consider both the risks, like mental illnesses and commitment and benefits, like education, and experience.
Considering that the military’s logistical structure hasn’t had a major improvement in over 60 years, the idea of streamlining and consolidating systems would be a welcome and much needed change. I currently work in the ammunition field for the U.S. Army and have done so for the past 18 years. The changes that the Marines are beginning to implement will help to free up resources and cut funds that could be used for other projects.
Over the years, the relationships between army leadership and a business management have been throughout to be compatible in the organization framework. Yet, it is not always that these two style of command control is not similar in some aspect, but an army leader with an organization district manager are two different leaders. In other words, leadership and management might have subordinates under them, but they will have different meaning. In this paper, my purpose is to do an assessment of leadership and management, as well as demonstrate the similarities and differences in the application it is used. To begin the similarly of leadership and management is important to know the definition of the two. There are many principles of leadership and management, but three of the most important principles are the trait method, the skills method, and the situation awareness method principles. This paper will compare these methods, from the basic, and to what is required to fully understand them and know the contrasting of each method. Looking at the three method, the two that could be comparable are the traits and skills method. However, they are different and some aspect that can be significant.
1. It has been said that forecasting using exponential smoothing is like driving a car by looking in the rear-view mirror. What are the conditions that would have to exist for driving a car that are analogous to the assumptions made when using exponential smoothing?
There are many job oppurtunitiesin the army. Anyone one can join and be anything he wants. In the army everyone has the chance to travel the world. The army has certain benefits and requirements. All of them will be explained.