potential links between social inequalities and the health of the population

In this task there will be a discussion on the impact of social inequalities in society. I will explain how the different social groups’ including religion, ethnicity, age and gender can benefit the society but also face difficulties in terms of health and well being.

Social determinants of health inequity reflect deeper social divisions, which generate multiple risks that are reproduced over time. Hierarchies of power must be critiqued through the lenses of class and race to make tangible the seemingly abstract connections between social and economic determinants and distribution of health inequity. Racism finds refuge in various forms of material exploitation; narrow interventions that fail to address the root causes that undermine the health and well-being of members of the community will ultimately fail.1 The treatment of Mexican immigrants with tuberculosis (TB) by health officials in Los Angeles from 1914 to 1940 is a telling story that made salient the insidious impact of poverty and race on health, and it provides an important lesson for public health officials.

In the segment of Unnatural Causes, “In Sickness and in Wealth”, the documentary highlights the health disparity created by different socioeconomic statuses. There are several factors that lead to these health differences, including but not limited to policies or lack of policies, and racism. Unnatural Causes draws on several family stories to exemplify the wealth health gradient. Within the family anecdotes, I was most intrigued by the idea of health access. This concept is highlighted throughout the different life cases in the segment. However, it is not just limited to these individuals, communities, and time period. Although health access is considered a universal right, access is not equal among individuals in the US. Access to health is determined by an individuals’ wealth. This is exemplified by the poor health outcomes of those in low-income communities; whereas, individuals in higher income communities have better health outcomes.

Disease Incidence: More unskilled manual workers are dyeing due to things such as lung and stomach cancer because of the environment they work in and the fumes they are breathing can harm their lungs. More men and women die before retirement age in class 5 than class 1. More class 5 people die on a whole because they may become ill and will not have what they need to help the disease and their living conditions can worsen their condition.

Indigenous people are affected by a number of health inequalities that stem from social determinants. There is a direct proven link between the ill-health that Indigenous people have and are experiencing and the health inequalities they face as a result of these social determinants. These health inequalities are classified into three groups that consist of historical, political, social and economic contexts. Macro factors that consist of community infrastructure, resources, systems and capacities; as well as micro factors including health behaviours, physical and social environments. Social determinants effect an extensive array of health dimensions that lead to problematic health complications, health behaviours and poor health management. For instance, living in conditions of low income have been linked to increased illness and disability, which is linked to reduced opportunities to obtain and retain meaningful employment, thus exacerbating poverty (Maddison, 2009, p. 108). There is extensive research and studies that have found individuals and communities that experience disparities in the social determinants of health not only experience a burden of health problems, but they have limited access to resources that could potentially improve these problems (Reading & Wien, 2009, p. 9). How these social determinants impact and also effect on these areas of health for Indigenous people, which produces health problems that lead to conditions and environments that result in

Income-related health inequalities is a significant issue which is widely spread across the globe. The issue is not limited to the developing countries, yet it has spread to the developed countries like Australia. From the beginning of the 21st century, income inequality is growing across the states of Australia and the level of inequality fluctuates rapidly. As a result of income inequality, it impacts on the factors like health, education. This cross-sectional study aims to discern the trends, and prevalence of income-related health inequalities between 2001 and 2011 among the working population of Australia, age range between 20 years to 65 years old. A 1000 sample will be used from Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey

Green et al., (2015) also state that socio-economic factors, such as income, crime, social support network and unemployment levels. Considerable amounts of individuals are known to live an unequal life, as their social class may be different due to age and unemployment, this may be interlinked to poverty and social class. According to Naidoo J, Will J (2016) one of the main social determinants of health is unemployment, this can link to mental health issues, which includes depression, anxiety and sleep disturbance and also physical health, which includes developing cardiovascular diseases. This may also link to living with not having a stable income, as this may link to dietary diseases if the family cannot afford to eat because they are unemployed.

Programs outside of health and public health sectors influence the social determinants of health. Often, policies and programs in various non-health sectors, such as education and agriculture, can intentionally or unintentionally impact population health (National Collaborating Centre for Healthy Public Policy, 2012). These programs and policies can be assessed for their impacts. Program evaluation is a “systematic way to improve and account for program actions involving methods that are useful, feasible, ethical, and accurate” (Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 1999). In regard to evaluating health promotion programs, this can involve analyzing programs for effectiveness and efficiency and their effects on the health outcomes of the target and vulnerable populations, and health inequities.

During our lives we watch as life expectancies and good health in many countries continue to rise, however we also observe many parts of the world which fail to improve (Commission on social determinants of health, 2008, p.3). Social determinants of health are conditions, which can play both positive and negative roles in our lives from the day we are born, whilst we grow, live, work and age. Two key determinants that have damaging effects on the health of people is income related to unemployment and the further effects this has on children and also poor housing conditions effecting the livelihoods of many across the globe including right here in Aotearoa New Zealand.

When it comes to the way in which society treats health it differs between many things with the most predominant being a person's  social classes. after years of research there as been show that there is a clear distinction between the upper and lower class mental and psychical health. Those that are born within a higher status have been shown  to grow into more healthy adults, whilst those who come from a more disadvantage background have been shown to have a shorter life span and suffer with more severe illness and lack of good health, but why is this? Research has shown the social gradient of health is caused by a multitude of reasons with the main being access to health care with one of the main reasons being the lack off acess to the health servis in less drastic situations.

Socio-economic class has been linked to health inequality ever since the mid-19 century, when reported the living condition of the poor. Chadwick, E.1842 reported that the average life expectancy in Bethnal Green was 45 for professional but only 16 for labourers. Concern about inequality within the population in the early 20th century was offered as one major justification for the setting up of National Health Service (NHS) based on the recommendation of the Beverage report (1942). The health inequality still exists relating the socio-economic (RG social class scale) and life expectancy. In the late 20th, the Black Report (1980) confirmed that social class is the main cause of overall death and the inequality gap between social classes strata appear to be widening. Townsend and Davidson (1982) identified five most important factors of income; occupation, education, housing and lifestyle-affecting health. Of these factors occupation is one of the most accurate predictors of all life chance.

Crime, mental and physical health and racial harmony can see that they can be linked to income inequality. Crime for instance will rise when there are fewer means for survival. Let’s take a look at mental and physical heath, generally speaking a worker who makes less money working a menial job usually work more strenuous jobs, longer hours which taxes the body and the stress from the jobs wears on mental health of the individual. Since these people make less money they are more

A variety of factors may lead to poor health and unequal access to care and treatment for ethnic minorities in the UK”. Discuss.

Inequalities in health between social groups have long been a dominant feature of British Society. Evidence suggests that people in the lower social scale suffer from ill health more than the middle and upper classes. This essay aims to address the reasons for this trend by primarily looking at evidence found in the Black Report, Acheson Report and the Marmot Review and by evaluating the explanations given to support the evidence.

Many social factors such as ones education, income level, employment status, ethnicity and gender influence how healthy a person is. Throughout the countries whether one 's income is