reconstruction Essay

President Andrew Johnson assumed office following Lincoln’s assassination. Johnson had his own ideas of Reconstruction and tried to take his own course of action in putting the Union back together following the Civil War. A series of bitter political quarrels between President Johnson and Radical Republicans in Congress over Reconstruction Policy in the South eventually led to his impeachment.

In addition to being divided on the issue on how to bring the Southern states back into the Union, the nation later became divided on the rights that should be bestowed upon the emancipated slaves. After the assassination of President Lincoln, Democratic Vice President Andrew Johnson took control of the executive branch and his background foreshadowed the “political drama” that would take place. President Johnson was a Senator from Tennessee before he entered the Vice Presidency and he had racist leanings and he opposed political rights for the freedmen. Additionally, Johnson was open about his sympathy for the South and he was determined to control the path of Reconstruction. The first example of conflict between Johnson and the Republican

Johnson issued thirteen though sand five hundred Presidential pardons to those he earlier hoped to keep out. There were many ex-Confederates who were elected to Congress. Also the state legislatures in the south demoted blacks to a second class status, and this was known as the Black Codes. These codes states blacks were not allowed to vote, be on juries, testify against whites, could not interracially marry, and it was most unfair in Mississippi and South Carolina. Johnson like Lincoln wanted to restore the Union in as little time as possible.

Johnson stated that the seven remaining states would be admitted if: they withdrew its secession, swore allegiance to Union, anul Confederate was debts, and ratify the 13th Amendment, which abolished slavery. The only main difference being that Johnson did not want high-ranking Confederates and wealthy Southern landowners to take the oath needed to vote. The Radical Republicans were infuriated by Johnson’s Plan because it failed to effectively help former slaves. They wanted a plan stricter on the punishment of the Southerners, and one that addressed the land, voting, and protection under the law of slaves. This is why when Johnson pardoned all Southerners the Radicals refused to admit the Southern representatives back into Congress.

Andrew Johnson, who was in office from 1865, shared similar views to Woodrow Wilson. They favoured the Southern Democratic elite, however took a different approach and attempted to pass more legislation. Johnson was in office at the point of when the civil war had ended, and the Southern states had been defeated, although refusing to admit defeat. Johnson was left with the question of what to do with these states, and unusually for a democrat, believed they needed to join the union. The motive behind these beliefs are unknown, however the likelihood is that he believed this due to the laws on slavery in union

Lyndon B. Johnson had only served one term, but he surprisingly accomplished a lot during his only term. Johnson had the ability to pass the acts that Kennedy created during his time in office. Some of these accomplishments include: Medicare and Medicaid, Education acts, and the Civil Rights acts. In order to continue his war on poverty, he established Medicare and Medicaid to aid poor families and the elderly. To further help families in need, as well as children, Johnson passed education acts to fix and create more public schools in poor areas. Lastly, civil rights acts were passed to give better opportunities for blacks within the United States. While these acts were based on Kennedy's ideas, Johnson found the way to put them into place.

Johnson served as a Senate Majority Leader from 1954-1960. During that time, another civil rights bill was going through the senate. Johnson did not directly oppose the bill, but he did water down the bill to ensure that it had little effect (Background essay). The only logical explanation for his sudden change in heart is politics. Obviously, many people of the time question why he was suddenly supporting civil rights when he was against them a few years earlier. When asked this question by Roy Wilkins, he replied by saying he was “Liberated from his southern political bonds” (Dallek 1). The thing that is wrong with this is that there were no political bonds imposed upon him. He was free to vote for whatever he felt was right as a senator of Texas. There was no “Political restraint” holding him back from acting on civil rights. This evidence very clearly shows how he made his decision because it shows how his opinion was molded by those around him, not what he

His stance on reconstruction was similar to Lincoln’s, in that he was not as harsh on the South as the Radical Republicans in Congress wanted. In May 1865, Johnson issued his Amnesty Proclamation, which required an oath of loyalty from former confederates, who would then be pardoned and have their property restored (except slaves) that had be confiscated by Federal officials during the war. The only people not included in this proclamation were high-ranking military and civilian Confederate officials and those who resigned their positions in the Federal government to serve the in the Confederacy. Johnson issued a second proclamation outlining his plan for how the states should go about getting themselves back into the Union. Under this plan, the President would appoint a governor to each state under reconstruction.

Reconstruction was the time between 1863 and 1877 when the U.S. focused on abolishing slavery, destroying the Confederacy, and reconstructing the nation and the Constitution and is also the general history of the post-Civil War era in the U.S. between 1865 and 1877. Under Abraham Lincoln, presidential reconstruction began in each state as soon as federal troops controlled most of the state. The usual ending date is 1877, when the Compromise of 1877 saw the collapse of the last Republican state governments in the South

When Johnson let the South back into the Union he helped to make all the people who had died for the right to equality for all worthless. President Johnson was from the south originally. He had been a poor white living in Kentucky, and so had learned to hate the rich, white Plantation owners. But he always felt above the slaves which later influenced his decision to let the very people he had grown up hating back in to the Union. When congress passed the 13th Amendment banning slavery many of the people in the south feared what would happen to them. Johnson, who related to the poor white folk, knew that they needed someone who they could say "at least I'm better than you" about. The only way he saw to do that was by letting the South have their lands and rights back so that they could do something about their former slaves. So the pardons started rolling out of the Round Office like a printing press. The Radical Republicans weren't happy about it but at that point they couldn't stop him. The south began to return to the way it was.

Lyndon B Johnson became president in 1963 after the assassination of President John F Kennedy on November 22nd 1963. He formulated many policies including ‘The Great Society’. This was introduced in an aim to end poverty, improve education and rejuvenate cities for all Americans. Johnson also introduced Civil Rights. This act refers to the personal rights a citizen holds which are protected by the US government and prohibits; the discrimination of race, religion, age or gender. This was introduced to create equal opportunities for all. This essay will outline the key factors regarding whether or not Lyndon B Johnson

They also called for any officials to swear an oath of allegiance to the union.2 After Lincoln's assassination, and Johnson's inaugeration these plans changed. Johnson pardoned all the southern leaders that were in trouble for seceding from the union. This effectively put them back in power in the South. Ultimately everything that congress and Lincoln had tried to do in the south. Taking back the power from those who seceded. As well as any help that was given to the poor whites or any blacks in the south was undone by Johnson.

During this period President Johnson continued his pardons and the 10% plan continued to readmit states to the union. Louisiana, Tennessee, and Virginia were a few of the 10% states readmitted. In opposition to Johnson's readmission policies and his Reconstruction plan, Radicals began to refuse to allow Democrats to sit in Congress. Congress also passes the Tenure of Office Act inhibiting the power of the President.

On April 14, 1865 Abraham Lincoln was assassinated at Ford’s theater by John Wilkes booth. Only three hours later Johnson was made the 17th president of the United States of America. With Lincoln gone and Congress in recess Johnson practically full rain over the government. Johnson had to pick up were Lincoln left of in the reconstruction of the south. Since he was from Tennessee he was way more lenient to the southerners when making the reconstruction plan. He granted pardons to anyone that came to the white house. When Congress came back they were completely outraged in how lenient Johnson was to the southerners. Since Johnson was a southerner he did not have strong beliefs in rights for African Americans Congress passed many acts protecting the rights of the now freedmen, these acts where the Freedmen’s Bureau Bill, the Civil Rights Act, and the 14th amendment. All of these laws gave all African Americans the rights they needed

Lyndon B. Johnson was quite the interesting fellow who managed to keep himself well put together when he was forced into presidency after former President Kennedy’s assassination. Nobody would’ve guessed that he would’ve ran for the presidency afterwards, but he did, and he won it. The nation was horridly divided, and all he wanted to do was mend the break, which was extremely hard to do at the time. Johnson managed to use the power that he had for good deeds, and continued to work for the people of the United States. Politics is a hard game to wrap your head around, but he really knew how to play it. Three of the biggest political moves that Johnson pulled were the Johnson Treatment, Gulf of Tonkin Resolution and the Civil rights Act.