27. Kinds of epithet. Structural typesof epithets.
EPITHET – an stylistic device emphasizing some quality of a person, thing\idea. Function – characterization, very subjective and evaluative. Shouldn’t be confused with logical attributes. (wooden table, wooden face, grey sky – steel sky.) Epithets are said to create an image, there is a certain mood attributed, while logical attribute give characteristic properties of an object or a theme.
Fixed epithet(stable) – they become fixed through long. (красна девица, диво дивное, a fair lady, true love, green wood).
Structurally epithets can be of different kinds: 1. As single epithet=> adj+noun (angry sky, dead silence); 2. In pairs (a tired old town); 3. In strings, chains (in the cold grey
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The purpose of stylistics is to improve and normalize the language (normative stylistics), the second purpose is to help better understanding, mainly in works of art. Stylistics is connected with other branches of linguistics. But it is not equal to linguistics science, such as phonetics, linguistics disciplines – lexicology, morphology, syntax because they are level disciplines as they treat only one linguistic level and stylistics investigates the questions on all the levels and different aspects of the texts in general. It is connected with grammar.The norm is a sum of rules of what to choose among units of the language and how to use them. The literary norm defines what is correct and what is incorrect. It recommends some language units as acceptable. The norm changes slowly with the history. The notion of the norm is connected with the notion of neutrality.
20. Irony.
20. Irony - an implied discrepancy between what is said and what is meant. The essence of irony consists in the foregrounding not of the logical but of the evaluative meaning. The context is arranged so that the qualifying word in irony reverses the
Irony,the expression of one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect.
Irony the expression of one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect. Three examples of irony are verbal,situational, and dramatic. Which was used in the book the night. And in this paragraph i will be talking about these three examples. Verbal irony, it was used in this story me and my classmates had read night.
Irony, a state of affairs or an event that seems deliberately contrary to what one expects and is often amusing as a result. Throughout Night there is use of situational and verbal irony. This use of irony keeps the reader interested. The use of irony causes the reader to know things that the characters often are not aware of.
Irony is when you say one thing, yet mean another. This is a very popular device that writers use when creating satire and often used when exploring more momentous topics. Popular writer Mark Twain who is well-known for his effective use of satire often uses irony in his very prevailing yet controversial novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. In this historic novel Mark Twain uses irony to mock slavery and the society surrounding it. An example from the novel is when Huck throws salt over his left shoulder in the hopes to ward off back luck. This is ironic because previously to Huck throwing salt over his shoulder he was mocking Tom Sawyer for his ridiculous beliefs yet he believes throwing salt will get rid of any bad mojo. Twain's use of irony not only is criticizing Huck for that but also the whole society during this time, many individuals in this novel have controversial beliefs and somewhat go against their own. Jonathan Swift a very famous satirist and essayist exceedingly known for “Gulliver’s Travels” and “ A Modest Proposal” also uses irony along with Mark Twain. Irony permeates through Swifts legendary essay “ A Modest Proposal”. This essay has to do with overpopulation in Ireland and in Jonathan Swift words “ For preventing the children of poor people in Ireland, from being a burden on their parents or country, and for making them beneficial to the publick.”. Swift mocks this idea and completely blows it out of proportion by basically saying let's fatten these children up, eat the children, or we could just put them on the market. Although Swift has amazing examples of irony throughout his
Irony is described by the Merriam-Webster Dictionary as “the incongruity between the actual result of a sequence of events and the normal or expected result”. “Ransom of the Red Chief”, as short story written by O. Henry, is full of all types of irony. In this short story a boy, Johnny Dorset, is taken by two kidnappers, Sam and Bill. Ironically, by the end of the story it is the kidnappers who pay ransom to the father. In “Ransom of the Red Chief”, there are many examples of irony which help to enhance the story. Throughout this tale, there are multiple examples of situational, dramatic, and verbal irony.
51. irony- to have the an idea turn out to be the exact opposite of what is expected of it. An
2) Denotation- is the basic definition or dictionary meaning of a word. The connotation of a word is its emotional content.
Irony is usually termed as a technique or way or presenting a topic with one meaning, not disclosing to the reader that a totally different thing has happened. For instance, one might say it is ironic to save up the money to buy your dream car and it sells minutes before you get there. In the mind of someone like Edgar Allan Poe, irony can take one a far deeper meaning. One piece of irony is the name of the victim, Fortunato. This is an Italian word suggesting good fortune. (Cummings, 2005) However, we know from the beginning of the story that his fortune is not good. The more one looks for it, sometimes the more minute the irony can be. Take the description of Fortunato:
The Oxford Dictionary of English defines irony as a literary technique, originally used in Greek tragedy, by which the full significance of a character 's words or actions is clear to the audience or reader although unknown to the character. Irony― the difference between appearance and reality ―is a literary device evident throughout all literature as either situational irony, dramatic irony, or verbal irony. Surprising readers, situational irony contradicts the expected outcome of the story. For example, the audience of the Harry Potter series, by J.K. Rowling, expect that Harry Potter will defeat Voldemort, the evil lord, by killing him; however, they are thrown off guard when it is revealed that Harry Potter must allow Voldemort to kill
Irony: The use of words to express something different from and often opposite to their literal meaning.
Irony and foreshadowing are literary devices used in literature. Foreshadowing is when an element in the story is used to hint an event that will occur further along in the story. There are many different types of Irony. One of these is dramatic irony, which refers to when a character thinks something is true yet the audience know the actual truth of the situation. Another type of irony is
Irony is a method of the use of words that say the opposite of what you really mean, often as a joke and with a tone of voice that shows this(Hornby,2005,p1080). For example, the title of this short story The False Gems is an example of
Irony is the use of words to convey the opposite of their literal meaning. It is used throughout poetry and allows the reader to analyze and differentiate what seems, and what actually is. There are different types of irony including verbal, situational, and dramatic. Irony can be used in the titles of poems, or in themes and messages throughout them. There are many ways to interpret poetry, so irony is a powerful way of making a pointed comment or manipulating a reader's emotions.
Irony is inadvertently lying, it is the omission of the intended meaning, which in turn is not telling the truth. So when Kurtz decides to paint the blindfolded woman with the torch, he is lying. The irony of the matter is that the blindfolded woman has the ability take the blindfold off to see the light and truth of her situation, but chooses not to. Colonization of countries is said to be bringing the light into
Irony is a technique that is used (through a character or plot development) to convey an intention or attitude opposite to what is literally stated. In