Stem Cell Research
Stem Cell Research
Stem cells are located deep down in our bone marrow. They have the incredible ability of “generating an endless supply of red cells, white cells, and platelets”(1). They have been called the “Mother of all blood cells” due to their ability to regenerate the entire blood supply of a persons body. Just to think that this is possible is actually pretty incredible. The man who claims to be responsible for the discovery of this gem is a immunologist from Stanford University named Irving Weissman, and his collaborators at SyStemix, (a biotech company that he cofounded in 1988, located in Palo Alto, CA). He and his company are so
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One man, in particular, Jan Visser, developed a strategy for separating these stem cells from other cells in blood. He fine tuned his strategy by making small changes in what he was doing, which broke down the number of cells to smaller and smaller groups, until finally, he narrowed it down and he figured that there is approximately one stem cell per 10,000 cells. Visser had his original results published in the Journal of Experimental Medicine in 1984, and four years later, Weissman announced in the journal Science that he and his colleagues had found the mouse's stem cell. It was Weissman's article that drew headlines, while Visser's only drew polite praise. Visser notes ironically, The Journal of Experimental medicine is considered scientifically one of the best journals. Science is more popular.
It was the Weissman team that took a much more narrow approach to separating the cells, they used a variety of monoclonal antibodies, each with a specific ability to single out certain proteins on certain cells. In my opinion, this is how science works. Science is based on someone figuring something out, and another person comes along later and makes it better. It is called advancement. The problem with what Weissman did, was that he claimed all responsibility for discovering stem cells and separating cells and gave no credit to Visser or anyone else who had made huge leaps forward with the advancement of
Stem Cell research and its funding have caused a lot of controversy throughout the past years. Stem cells are cells that are present in all living organisms. These cells have the potential to grow into any type of cell, including blood cells, nerves, muscles, and pancreatic cells. Stem cell research is essential because of the beneficial aspects it has to offer. Stem cells could potentially treat conditions such as Alzheimer 's, Parkinson 's, birth defects, strokes, Diabetes, cancer, and help in the reconstruction of severely damaged organs. Although stem cell research withholds great potential for many medical advances, a lot of controversy surrounds the sources and methods of obtaining stem cells and the possibility of improper usage of the knowledge acquired from research and experimentation. It is necessary for scientist to continue research as well as recognizing any ethical issues that may be present.
In November of 1998, a group of researchers announced that they had successfully isolated and grown a special kind of cell with the potential to develop into virtually any kind of human tissue. The scientists had made the discovery of embryonic stem cells. The discovery was considered to be an innovative
In 1963, Canadian researchers, Ernest McCulloch and James Till directed tests on mice bone marrow and watch that diverse platelets originate from an uncommon class of cells. This is one of the primary bits of confirmation of blood immature microorganisms which is better known as stem cells (HISTORY OF STEM CELL RESEARCH — A TIMELINE).Canadian disclosure of undifferentiated organisms has manufactured the premise for further foundational stem cell research in different ranges, which is turning out to be more well known and urgent these days to comprehension the human body. All through the twentieth century undifferentiated stem cell exploration was based off of more subjective work instead of quantitative, the way that two Canadian researchers changed the point of view of perception in this field comprehensively resounded in the mid 21st century and has made the field of foundational stem cell research significantly more essential to comprehension the recuperating example of specific cells that were once thought to be basic, for example, nerves and spinal cells. The last motivation behind why Canada is vital to the field biology is its effect on therapeutic innovation.
Charles Gordon Eagan, born August 17, 1915 and passed in 1999. By talking to his daughter and son (my grandmother and great uncle) and his grandson (my father) to piece together what he was like, and who he was.
Many, as of currently incurable diseases plague the Earth. Thanks to technological advancements and better understandings of cells, scientists believe that it may be possible to cure diseases by the use of embryonic stem cells. Embryonic stem cells are cells obtained from an embryo when they are only a few days old. Because they have only begun to differentiate, these cells have the capability of developing into any cell in the human body, and that's why they can be used for the progression of medicine. Scientists hope to cure some diseases but if that isn't possible they at least hope to create treatments using them.
First of all an understanding of what a stem cell is, where it comes from, and the significance of it's medical potential is essential. Stem cells are the "master cells" that form the human body or whatever other animal it is from. Stem cells can be extracted from adult tissues, bone marrow, umbilical cord blood ( ), and embryos in the blastocyst stage. Although scientists have found ways to manipulate the stem cells from adult sources into other types of cells, they claim that they are less capable of deriving the desired tissue and are not "biologically equivalent" ( ) to stem cells extracted from embryos.
In 1981, Scientists found a way to extract embryonic stem cells from mouse embryos. Years later, in 1998, a method to extract stem cells from human embryos and grow the cells in the laboratory was discovered. The main purpose was to use the cell's ability to regenerative as a method of treating diseases. As time went by, people started to oppose the idea of using embryonic stem cell for research. So, funding that helped continue research on embryos started to decrease. This conclusion came from some people considering that embryonic stem cells research was similar to killing babies. Others thought that research on adult stem cells was less controversial than research on embryonic stem cells. Embryonic stem cell research leads to the
Stem cell research is one of the most promising and controversial topics is the past few decades. Stem cells were discovered by a group of scientists in 1981 by deriving embryonic stem cells from mouse embryos. The discovery of stem cell derived from mouse embryos then progressed to the discovery of deriving and creating stem cell from a human embryo is 1998. In 1998 when scientists discovered a way of deriving stem cells from a human embryo is when the controversy began. The main controversy of stem cell research is the destruction of an embryo for sceintific and medical purposes. Other controversies are whether federal governments should fund and support research is ban the use of stem cell for medical and research purposes. Various religions
Attempts were made to fertilize mammalian eggs outside of the human body and in the early 1900s, it was discovered that some cells had the ability to generate blood cells. In 1968, the first bone marrow transplant was performed to successfully to treat patient’s severe combined immunodeficiency. There have been many stem cell discoveries since the early 1900’s but the two majors were in 1998 when, Thompson, from the University of Wisconsin, isolated cells from the inner cell mass of early embryos and developed the first embryonic stem cell lines. Then, in 1999 and 2000, scientists discovered that manipulating adult mouse tissues could produce different cell types.
The original Romeo and Juliet was written by William Shakespeare along with the movie being directed by Baz Luhrmann. Romeo and Juliet was about two ¨star-crossed lovers¨, whom were devoted to each other, but couldn´t be together. Because of the extreme feud between the Montagues and Capulets, Romeo and Juliet are not allowed to interact, let alone fall in love. Luhrmann used costumes, weaponry, scenery, marriage, transportation and culture to create a modernized film meant to keep both Elizabethan and modern audiences entertained.
Stem cells are cells that have the potential to develop into different types of cells in the body. Stem cells also act as a repair system for many tissues in the body by dividing repeatedly to replenish other cells within a person (National Institutes of Health). Stem cell research seeks to further the advancement of the use of stem cells as well as to find an ethical way to study them. In November 1998, researchers found a way to isolate and culture human embryonic stem cells, (Bevington 2005). The ethics of stem cell research has been debated over the years and some people fully support the use of stem cells, whereas others are completely against the use of stem cells. This has been an ongoing battle for scientists over the span of two decades prior to the 1998 finding.
which brings me to my topic of stem cell extraction. this all started in nineteen seventy eight by a whole group of scientist but we owe most of the credit to Alexander A. Maximow.
The second article titled “Transforming Healthcare Through Regenerative Medicine” written by Jessop, Z. M. et al. (2016) starts with a timeline of stem cells and dates back to 330 BC. When Aristotle observed a lizard regenerate its tail. In 1712 a crayfish limb regeneration is observed; 1956 was the first successful bone marrow transplant. This chart continues to date milestones in research all the way to 2014. These dates do follow a few dates that were given in the article “Everything worth knowing about.. stem cells”. They both have the same information for the years 1961, 1981, 1998, and 2006. This gives the reassurance and reliance of a web article compared to an authoritative resource.
There has been an ongoing debate with policy makers, that children are not all about ’needs’ that must be met nonetheless they have their own rights as individuals, concerns, priorities and aspirations. The rights discourse of a child includes the universal theory of three P’s which are, Provision of suitable support and services for healthy development, Protection from mistreatment and abuse and the Participation in the choices made about their upbringing and care (Stainton Rogers, 2009). Furthermore (Smith, 2013) states the right of every child consists of a standard living condition which benefits physical, mental, spiritual, moral and social development in a holistic manner.
According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary a stem cell is “a simple cell in the body that is able to develop into any one of various kinds of cells (such as blood cells, skin cells, etc.).” There are two types of stem cells, embryonic and adult. The adult stem cells can can be found in brain, bone marrow, blood, etc. The embryonic stem cells come from a four to five day human embryo during the blastocyst phase (Crosta) . The controversy behind the topic usually stems from the embryonic stem cell research. People argue over whether an embryo at this stage is considered a human or a scientific sample. US news held a poll and these were the results; “Almost three-quarters (72 percent) of the adults surveyed believe that scientists should be allowed to use embryonic stem cells left over from in vitro fertilization procedures to search for potential treatments or ways to prevent diseases such as Parkinson 's disease, Alzheimer 's, diabetes and other conditions.” (Gardner). Although there is controversy behind stem cells, the majority of Americans support scientists in stem cell research. Stem cell research is beneficial because they can help treat Parkinson’s disease, replace or repair damaged organs, and they specialize undifferentiated cells.