Summarise the Main Development of a Child from the Age range 0-2, 3-5, 5-8 Years
From birth a baby can only lie on its back, by the end of 3months they start to lift their heads and kick their feet. At 3-6 months they can hold objects and transfer them from one hand to another. They also start to attempt to put objects in their mouths. At 9-12 months babies usually become more mobile by rolling, shuffling, or crawling. They can generally sit unaided for a length of time.
Between 1-2 yrs they will be walking and although they still find it difficult to maintain balance most can climb stairs with supervision. So by the end of 2yrs they will be very mobile – walking, running, and able to negotiate steps. They can throw and kick
…show more content…
They also tend to live in poorer housing, which may be overcrowded. They can sometimes lack the physical and personal resources needed to provide for their children in order to grow and develop. Progress will be slow and impaired if there is a lack of stimulation. Children often find it difficult to put things into perspective and may view the loss of a favourite toy on the same level as that of a death of a close relative
Children suffering from the anxieties of loss or bereavement may try to hide their feelings for fear of upsetting those around them, whilst others show their feelings freely.
Signs of aggression and/or withdrawal are often associated with the way a child deals with their emotions. When parents separate or divorce the most likely area to be affected is social and emotional, it can make them become anxious or frightened. Their whole world, as they know it, will have been turned upside down and they experience feelings of guilt, anger, and sorrow. They can become withdrawn, tearful, aggressive and argumentative.
Children that do not receive a lot of love and affection at home will find it difficult to develop and form good relationships with others. They can be untrusting, miserable, and unhappy although, they appear physically healthy they will be emotionally unwell. A child who has suffered from abuse will have their health and wellbeing severely affected and abuse can have long lasting health problems.
Describe
Depression and anxiety, for example, may make a person more likely to smoke, abuse alcohol or drugs, or overeat. High-risk behaviors, in turn, can lead to long-term physical health problems, such as sexually transmitted diseases, cancer, and obesity. Not all children who have been abused or neglected will experience long-term consequences, but they may have an increased susceptibility. The immediate physical effects of abuse or neglect can be relatively minor (bruises or cuts) or severe (broken bones, hemorrhage, or even death). In some cases, the physical effects are temporary; however, the pain and suffering they cause a child should not be discounted. Child abuse and neglect can have a multitude of long-term effects on physical health. NSCAW researchers found that, at some point during the 3 years following a maltreatment investigation, 28 percent of children had a chronic health condition (Administration for Children and Families, Office of Planning, Research and Evaluation [ACF/OPRE], 2007). Below are some outcomes other researchers have identified: Impaired brain development. Child abuse and neglect have been shown to cause important regions of the brain to fail to form or grow properly, resulting in impaired development. These alterations in brain maturation have long-term consequences for cognitive, language, and academic abilities and are connected with mental health disorders (Tarullo,
A new baby cannot hold up his or her head alone. Yet, within a few months, the baby will be able to sit alone. This is because control of the spine and central nervous system develops from the top of the head down to the base of the spine. You can see this control developing in a baby as he or she starts to hold the head without support. Similarly, a new-born baby waves his or her arms around vaguely, yet in nine months’ time will find the tiniest crumb or piece of Lego easy to pick up with the thumb and finger. This is because the nervous system also develops from the spinal cord out to the extremities (hands and feet).
Children who have suffered physical abuse are less likely to be attached to their parents and may be fearful of family interactions. They may develop anger issues in the future and could possibly become abusers to their own children. Some signs of physical abuse can be dangerous behaviors towards themselves and violence towards others, and may have ADHD, depression and/or conduct disorders and high levels of anxiety. A good sign for counselors to watch for is how the child interacts with other children—oftentimes, an abused child may resolve issues through violence and aggression, which is a behavior oftentimes learned from a trusted adult.
At 6 months, infants can sit up briefly using their hands with a rounded back, and at 7 months, sit with a straightened back, with less use of the hands. At 9 months, they should be able to sit alone, unassisted.
Many effects of child abuse are severe and can damage a child’s future in today’s world. It can cause long-term effects such as low self-esteem, depression, and relationship difficulties. All of these can effect a kid growing up because it changes their life style and how they think in difficult situations. Also neglect can effect a kid’s role in his or her middle school days. (Victims)Neglected children start to grow up with anti-social trails which causes them to be less active and social in school. It can also damage a Childs future, depending on the career they would want but in most cases, neglect effects every stage growing
When we are born, our motor cortex in the brain starts out blank of any coding for walking. By about 10-12 months an infant can usually stand unassisted, but it is usually not until around 15 months that
Watch for behavioral signals of underlying problems. When children are unruly or withdrawn, or if they exhibit dramatic changes in behavior patterns, these may be signals that something is going wrong in their lives. Children whose parents are in conflict or are undertaking a separation or divorce often have very powerful feelings, but they are also very likely to try to hide those feelings, especially from their parents.
Living in an abusive environment has a vast array of effects on children. More severe physical and sexual abuse towards a child could cause physical harm such as fractures and internal injuries (Lane, Bair-Merritt, & Dubowitz, 2011). These injuries would probably cause the child to experience severe pain and potentially cause permanent disability, disfigurement or death if not treated. It has been indicated that childhood abuse affects mental health and can increase susceptibility to depression, anxiety related disorders, ADHD and suicidal ideation. These issues could affect children throughout their lives and some may not surface until various stages of life (Comijs et al., 2013; Hart, & Rubia, 2012; Norman et al., 2012; Sugaya et al., 2012). This is not an exhaustive list of the potential mental or physical health affects of childhood
From 0-6 months the developmental milestones are neck holding, rolling over, sitting with and then without support. From 6-12 months the developmental milestones are crawling on their stomach, creeping on hands and knees, pulling themselves up to stand, walking with holding onto furniture or people, and walking a few steps without any support. At 18 months, they sit, crawl, walk, and become less
Abuse of children has become a major social problem and a main cause of many people's suffering and personal problems. Neglect, physical abuse, and sexual abuse have an immediate and long-term effects on a child's development. The long-term effects of abuse and neglect of a child can be seen in psychiatric disorders, increased rates of substance abuse, and relationship difficulties. Child abuse and neglect is a huge problem. People that abuse are people who have been abused and neglected themselves.
Divorce and separation are stressful for all those who are involved, whether it’s the parents themselves or their children. Children who have had parents go through a divorce tend to have a higher risk of psychological and behavioral problems. Many children who go through this, feel like they have lost control. Everything around them is changing and unfortunately there is nothing they can do about it. They feel hopeless. It is very common to see this loss of control turn into frustration, which leads to outbursts and aggression. Children of divorce, especially boys, tend to be more aggressive to others.
12 To 18 Months, Dragging, Pushing And Pulling: As children learn to stand, then walk, they will reach for toys and blankets around them,
They may never understand what a good relationship consists of since all they know is how to be abusive and controlling over another person. Another effect on children is feeling worthless. Some believe that name calling should not leave a mark on a person but for young children not knowing any better or understanding the concept of what is being done to them can make them truly believe whatever is being said to them. They will believe that they are not smart or pretty and grow up thinking that they are damaged and are good for nothing. Lastly, abused children tend to have problems expressing their feelings and regulating their emotions. Some children keep quiet to themselves and hold all their emotions inside while others may lash out unexpectedly causing them to become aggressive and harming others. If these emotions are not dealt with right away it will carry on to their adulthood where they will struggle with issues such as anger and depression which then can lead to drugs and alcohol. The effects of abuse can continue on in a variety of ways but this is only a handful of effects that can occur.
Not surprisingly, around the same time he was also able to babble mama and papa. As the months pass by he was able to walk with holding onto to the furniture around the house for support. It was not until he reached his 19-month where he was able to walk and explore alone with his parents close by. Before the age of two he really enjoyed playing
All types of abuse have life-long emotional effects on the child. Abused children often have a lack of trust and problems with relationships. Saisan says, “abuse by a primary caregiver damages the most fundamental relationship as a child.” When that relationship is broken, it makes it extremely difficult for a child to learn how to trust people which can make it difficult to hold a relationship and have unhealthy relationships because the child grew up not knowing what a good relationship was. Strong feelings of being “damaged” or “worthless” also occur. This usually happens when a child suffers from emotional abuse when they are repeatedly told that they are “worthless, no good, stupid, etc,” so they develop into adults with that mindset. Also sexually abused children might grow up with the feeling of being damaged. Children may also grow up to have problems controlling or adjusting to their emotions. They might be afraid or not know how to express their