“the Effects of Having Boyfriend/Girlfriend Relationships in the Academic Performance of Selected High School Students of Theresian School of Cavite”

S states that there are four phases to the human memory. He suggests that using a filing cabinet approach to learning things help with memorization. “Human memory is a four - stage process: input, encoding, rehearsal, and retrieval. A problem at any stage affects memory and learning”, (S, 2013). The author goes on to discuss how each process works within his system of learning and memorizing. Inputting information into the filing cabinet is through sensory. We are using taste, smell, sight, hearing and touching at this point just to organize and get the information into the brain but not memorizing or learning anything yet. This phase is the same as the first step in “Tips from the Science of Memory-for Studying and for Life”. Arranging the information in a way that it gives the best structure for remembering it. Next, we encode the information with short term memory, only knowing that the information is there but it is not yet fully understood or committed to long term memory. After that we will rehearse and practice the information that is organized and filed neatly in the filing cabinet because now we know where to go to look for the correct information when we need it for retrieval, the final step of the process. We need to know where to look for the things we have rehearsed and practiced over and over, this information is now committed to long term memory and the only way to keep what we have learned in long term memory is to rehearse it continuously. The author gave some tips on how to maximize our memory capabilities such as studying in a well-lit area, be organized with study material and have everything you need before beginning, get 6-8 hours of sleep every night, and take planned breaks during studying

By practicing, talking and writing about a topic, this is the only way our brain can make permanent connections about the information we are trying to learn as studies have shown such as the retrieval practice study, that those students in the retrieval practice group overall scored higher over

1. Hockenbury, Don H., and Sandra E. Hockenbury. "Chapter 6- Memory." Psychology. 5th ed. New York: Worth, 2010. 282-83. Print

Operant conditioning is a great technique that can be used in studies in order to gain more information on how humans or other species learn but it is also an effective method in bettering ourselves. Whether it is learning a new skill or diminishing a negative habit, operant conditioning can help us achieve our goals if done the correct way. For this method, I chose to utilize operant conditioning to better my study skills. Like many students, I have trouble with studying effectively without getting distracted and not truly retaining the information for a long period of time. I chose to improve this behavior in order to achieve higher grades as well as learn material and know it for a longer amount of time. By the end of my operant conditioning journey, I hoped to have built the foundation of a new studying skills that I would be able to use for the rest of my college career and beyond.

Through the book Power of Mindful Learning, the author Ellen J. Langer challenges traditional methods of learning and proposes new ways to better learn a subject. Through her concept of mindful learning, Langer enlightens the readers of ways to digest new information and learning new skills by being open to novelty, having alertness to distinction, sensitivity to different contexts, awareness of multiple perspectives, and orientation in the present. In the fourth chapter of the book Langer goes through some limitations of repetition in memorization known as rote memory and gives out interesting examples of how rote memory tactics can create the appearance of knowledge gained at first however could potentially disabled the learner when greater perspective is needed to create personal connections and make relevance. She describes memorization as "...a strategy to taking in material that has no

The brain’s plasticity forms new connections – neurons- by learning new information and memorizing the information. A study conducted by Draganski in 2006, showed that the extensive learning of abstract information can also trigger some plastic changes within the brain. In the study, brain images of German medical students three months prior to their exam and after their exam were compared to brain images of students who were not studying at all before the exam. The students showed learning-induced changes in regions of the parietal cortex, and the posterior hippocampus. These regions of the brain are responsible for memeory retrieval and learning ( P. Michelon, “ Brain Plasticity…”).

Additionally, to further support these theories, researchers tend to conduct studies on the famous patient case, HM, to propose the consolidation deficit theory, in which those with amnesia cannot turn short-term memories into long-term memories (Dewar et al., 2010). However, researchers Dewar, Della Sala, Beschin, and Cowan (2010), mentioned that HM’s case does not fully explain why a patient with anterograde amnesia has the ability to get better at cognitive tasks despite being unable to recall having performed those tasks at a previous time. On the same hand, Duff, Wszalek, Tranel, and Cohen (2008) mentioned that most individuals with anterograde amnesia experience heightened intelligence, attention, skill, and reasoning levels (procedural memory).

In his essay, “Enhancing the Brain through Skill Learning”, author Eric Jensen mentions different ways to enhance the brain. Jensen mentions that people need to get overnight rest between new learning sessions because it helps the brain store the new given information (19). Jensen mentions when a person keeps repeating the task, they will remember it later on (19). Also, he states that someone needs to stay focus on the task and not wander off, this will help someone stay “locked in” to the subject (18). I agree with what Jensen mentions because when I’m “locked in” on the content and not dazing off I get so much more information out of it and when I keep repeating a task I will definitely remember it for later on.

Throughout the years, studying methods have always been an imperative topic in the field of memory research. Students and instructors are specifically concerned with such matters in order to improve learning, performance and retention. Among all the approaches, two have been the center of attention: massed practice and distributed practice. Distributed practice and massed practice are two entirely different methods of learning. Massed practice is done in one block of time whereas distributed practice is done by spreading out our study over time. (book) “The classical definition of massed practice is continuous practice with little or no pauses for rest even of short

A QUANTITATIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE INFLUENCE OF CONTEXT AND PERCEPTUAL CUES ON MEMORY RECALL.

“The brain interprets scenes in the instants after they happen, inserting judgments, meaning, and context on the fly” (Carey, 2014, p. 5). Depending on the type of learner the student is, coupled with the environment [classroom] that they are in, each student will learn, or not, the same material differently. Each student has a different ability to recall information [or facts] at varying levels and also, under a variety of circumstances. Often, it is the distractions that the students are exposed to, that will affect their ability to retain and recall information.

Memory is both an essential, yet complex, psychological process that relies on numerous neuroanatomical structures, including parts of the prefrontal cortex, cerebral cortex, temporal lobe, amygdala, cerebellum, basal ganglia, and the hippocampus, just to name a few. However, almost all areas of the human brain are connected to the systematic functioning of memory. According to Okano, Hirano, & Balaban (2000), differentiation between the process of memory and the process of learning is important in order understanding the neurobiological aspects of memory, although both are very closely connected. The researchers define memory as a behavioral modification resulting from innate experiences, while the act of learning is more of a process for

All of these measurements collected were deemed to be significant on all levels. Compelling positive associations amongst classroom atmospheres and study habits were noticed between trial 1 and trial 2 of the study. This suggests strong test-retest consistency for the two administrations of this study (Ning, Downing). Results also indicated that previous academic involvement significantly predicted learning experiences and study behaviors found in the first half of the study. Longitudinal construct stability can therefore be attributed to the fabrication of this research. It can be conclusively said that learning atmospheres observed during trial 1 significantly reflect the study habits seen in trial 2, that study habits observed during trial 1 significantly reflect learning atmospheres in trial 2, and that both learning atmospheres and study habits significantly reflect overall scholarly achievement (Ning,

The majority of students develop study habits that may not be effective in the long run or suitable for their learning style. According to a research done by psychologists Henry Roediger and Mark McDaniel, re-reading information over and over again is one common mistake students make. They may often wonder why they fail exams even though they are studying for a long period of time. Studying a short amount of the material every day after class for at least twenty minutes will help you retain the information a lot better than to cram everything the

To achieve good grades in high school a person must be disciplined in their study habits. Once a person reaches high school these habits must be ingrained into the personality of the young person so that they are second nature or it is to late.