the pixel domain. Detection of the watermark can be done by correlating the pixels values with

An image may be a two dimensional plane which consists of f(x, y) where x, y are the coordinates in the plane and f is the amplitude or the intensity of the image at that particular point in the plane. If x,y are positive and “f” is a finite discrete value, then the image is the digital image. All the elements of an image are referred to as pixels.

This division can be performed up to many levels. It captures not only notion of frequency content but also temporal content. Wavelets provide a mathematical way of encoding information in such a way that it is layered according to level of detail. DWT is more computationally efficient than other transformations because of its excellent localization properties. Wavelets are capable of complete lossless reconstruction of image[6].

"Steganography becomes the focus of attention, dies down, and then the public is all over it again," says Provos. "But it will never be pervasive, because the amount of data you can actually hide in the images is fairly small. And if someone wanted to steal intellectual property, it'd be easier to copy the data on a disk and carry it out in your pocket." Even if steganography is present, forensics experts prefer to start by investigating less complex areas. However, in some cases, the only evidence might be hidden in image or sound files, so investigators need to be aware of steganography and the tools used to detect and crack it, say experts. "It's

Authors proposed a synchronization tech unique to recover geometrically attacked image via. Detection of desired image corner.

Mainly we get ideas to hide information in images using defined algorithms and crack that secret information again using same algorithms.

Abstract- Steganography means secret communication. It can also be defined as the study of invisible communication that is used to hide the existence of the communicated data in such a way that it remains confidential. In steganography, secret data can be communicated in an appropriate multimedia carrier such as image, audio and video files. Steganography can be classified into two types - Adaptive steganography and Non-adaptive steganography. Each has its strengths and weaknesses. In this paper, we review some adaptive and non-adaptive methods of steganography.

Abstract— Steganography is a technique of hiding the secret information. Steganography hides the existence of the secret data and make the communication undetectable. Secret data can be communicated in an appropriate multimedia carrier such as image, audio or video. Image steganography is extensively used technique. In this technique secret data is embedded within the image. Steganography techniques can be categorized into two groups - adaptive and non-adaptive. Each of these have its strengths and weaknesses. Adaptive steganography embeds the secret information in the image by adapting some of the local features of the image. Non-adaptive steganography embeds secret data equally in each and every pixel of the image. Several techniques have been proposed for hiding the

Image domain also known as spatial domain techniques; embed messages in the intensity of the pixels directly. In transform domain; also known as frequency domain, images are first transformed and then the message is embedded in the image. Image domain techniques encompass bit-wise methods that apply bit insertion and noise manipulation and are sometimes characterized as “simple systems”. The image formats that are most suitable for image domain steganography are lossless and the techniques are typically dependent on the image format. Steganography in the transform domain involves the manipulation The main purpose of Steganography, which means ‘writing in hiding’ is to hide data in a cover media so that others will not be able to notice it. While cryptography is about protecting the content of messages, steganography is about concealing their very existence [1]. The applications of information hiding systems mainly range over a broad area from military area, intelligence agencies, internet banking, online elections, medical-imaging and so on. The cover medium is usually chosen keeping in mind the type and size of the secret message and many different type carrier file formats can be used. These variety of applications make steganography a hot

Steganography is art of hiding the secret message within an ordinary message and extraction of its destination. Steganography take cryptography a step farther by hiding an encrypted message so that no one finds the existence of the message. If anyone scans your data will fail to know that it contain encrypted data. Steganography maintain the secure communication between the communicating parties. There are different techniques that are used for hiding the secret data as Steganography, Cryptography and Watermarking. There are various drawbacks of the cryptography that are covered by the Steganography. This paper reviews the Steganography techniques and various matrices for performance analysis of Steganography techniques.

The Fourier Series is only capable of analyzing the frequency components of certain, discretefrequencies (integers) of a given function. In order to study the casewhere the frequency components of the sine and cosineterms are continuous, the concept of the Fourier Transform must be introduced. The imaginary exponential form of the Fourier Transform is defined as

Abstract: With the increasing usage of digital multimedia, the protection of intellectual property rights problem has become a very important issue. Digital watermarking is now drawing attention as a new method of protecting multimedia content from unauthorized copying. Over the past two decades, many digital watermarking algorithms have been developed, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. The main aim of this paper is to present a survey report of recently done work in audio watermarking fields.

embedded in previous frames should propagate into the modern frame and create visible distortion. The drift compensation signal accounts for these previously embedded watermarks and remove them from the current frame. Finally, if a bit-rate constraint is desired, an additional step is required. Let n0 denote the number of bits for the compressed, unmarked

An effective method for encryption of images using magnitude and phase manipulation of the image with the help of a carrier image is described. Although it involves traditional methods like magnitude and phase encryption, the novelty of this work lies in the fact that a private key as well as a carrier image is used for encryption. An image to be encrypted and a carrier image is chosen and row wise one dimensional DFT is taken for both the image. This is used for obtaining the row wise magnitude addition and phase addition which yields the encrypted image. This encrypted image is subjected to one more level of encryption by performing column wise magnitude and phase modulation. The final encrypted image is completely distorted and hence non-intelligible. Performing the reverse operation it is found that the decrypted image is distortion less. 1

Many digital services need reliable protection in storage and transmission of digital images. Due to the quick development of the internet in the digital globe nowadays, the protection of digital pictures has come to be extra vital and enticed far attention. The prevalence of multimedia knowledge in our area has promoted digital pictures to frolic a extra momentous act than the established texts, that demand weighty protection of users ' privacy for all applications.

In today’s world when whole world become digitized there is need not only to store and transmit data but security is also main concern i.e. transmission of data with high security. In earlier time there ware attempts to hide a message in trusted media so as to deliver it across the enemy territory[1]. In the modern time of digital communication, several methods are used for hiding information in any medium. There are many method one of such technique is steganography[2] in which digital images are used as a medium for hiding secret message or information in the form of various format such as digital images, video or audio file text file. The main goal of steganography is to increase communication security by inserting secret message into the digital image by modifying the pixels of the image which are not very essential. Another most reliable method of information security is cryptography The steganography is differ from cryptography in the way that cryptography main aim is to keeping the contents of a information secret, while steganography main focuses on keeping the existence of a information secret. The science of protecting information which is mainly in the form of plain text, by transforming it (encrypting it) into an unreadable format, which is known as cipher text. Cryptography is the study of changing information from its normal, comprehensible format into an incomprehensible format, rendering it unreadable without secret knowing secret information and is mainly