translating a letter Essay

The magnetic field rotates 180 degrees when the battery slider moves from one side of the battery to the other.

3: Network Layer: The use of network layer is switching and routing technologies. It demonstrates logical path and virtual circuits for transferring data from one node to

Layer 4: Transport - This layer maintains flow control of data and provides for error checking and recovery of data between the devices.

The fifth layer is the session layer this establishes a connection,this layer makes and sets up the connection using co ordinates and could terminate conversations links. the session layer produces services that make authentication after an interruption and not only that but it can reconnect.and as well as the transporting layer it can also have the TCP and the UDP can provide services for all most all applications.An application layer is an abstraction layer that specifies the shared protocols and interface methods used by hosts in a communications network. The application layer abstraction is used in both of the standard models of computer networking; the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) and the Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI model).Although both models use the same term for their respective highest level layer, the detailed definitions and purposes are different.In TCP/IP, the application layer contains the communications protocols and interface methods used in process-to-process communications

• “Application - The Application Layer is the layer that most network users are exposed to, and is the level at which human communication happens. HTTP, FTP, and SMTP are examples of the application layer protocols the Patton-Fuller will now be utilizing for communicating electronically” (Network Design, 2012).

This makes sure the data transferred is in the right order, error free and reliable from beginning to end. The Network Layer is the third layer of the model and its function is to interpret the network addresses into physical addresses and figure out how to direct them from the sender to the receiver. The next layer is the Data Link Layer, this is the second layer and it separates the data it receives from the Network layer into specific frames so they can be transmitted by the Physical layer. Frames are packages for moving data, they include the raw data, the sender and receiver’s addresses, as well as error checking and control information. This makes sure the frames are delivered to their destination without any problems. The physical layer is the first layer and the lowest, the protocols at this layer recognize and receive the frames from the Data Link layer. They also monitor data error and set data transmission

The OSI Model is a model is used to define how data is theoretically passed on a network. Each layer is responsible and has its own duties for a network. The name of layer 3 in the OSI is the Network Layer. This layer is responsible for creating the paths for the transmission of data across the network. This layer provides routing and switching capabilities, as well as, internetworking, congestion control, and packet sequencing (Beal, 1999).

Layer 4 is the transport layer and utilises common transport protocols to enable network communications. This may include the Transport Control Protocol (TCP) and Universal Data Protocol

Coaxial cable consists of a core of copper wire surrounded by insulation, a braided metal shielding, and an outer cover.

Access control: When two or more devices are attached to the same link, data link layer protocols determine which device has control over the link at any given time.

used piece of electronic apparatus in the world. It is probably one of the most

In Jorge Luis Borges’ short story “The Library of Babel”, the author depicts the entire universe in the form of a mysterious and intricate “Library.” The author gives life to the library by describing the fruit- like “bulbs” that emit light, as well as a vestibule which contains two compartments for “sleeping and satisfying one’s physical necessities.” (Borges 112) This library is lined with “an infinite number of hexagonal galleries,”(Borges 112) containing bookshelves with an immeasurable amount of books. However, most of these books are indecipherable, and therefore, meaningless. Borges’ characterization of the library leads the reader to believe that he is alluding to the numerous books of the Bible. He questions the Bible’

The transport layer: This layer determines how the packets are transported such as the order and what to do if there are errors. The purpose of this layer is to make sure the data be transported correctly. Besides, due to the limitation of physic (maximum IP packet size is 65535bits), the speed of transportation is limited. As a result, this layer needs break big data in to small packets. This can also collect small data into a big packet to reduce unnecessary transmission, which can improve the transmitting speed. Example protocols are TCP, UDP, SCTP.

As the data packet moves from the upper to the lower layers, headers are _______.

Transmission Path Level: This extends between network elements that assemble and disassemble the payload of a transmission system. For end-to-end communication, the payload is end-user information. For user-to-network communication, the payload may be call-control signaling information (call setup and call termination). Cell delineation and header error-control functions are required at the end points of each transmission path.