Essay on week2assignment

There are four types of egoism (ETHICAL EGOISM). The first is Psychological egoism and it is the view that humans are always motivated by self-interest. An example of this is …….. The second is Ethical egoism. This is when you should do something that is in your own self-interest. An example of this is performing a task for someone because you are getting paid to do it. Third is Individual ethical egoism. It states that everyone should act in their own best self-interest. An example of this is a policeman. He/she believes that they should do what is in their best interest just because of their role in society. Finally there is Universal ethical egoism. It states that everyone should always act in their own best self-interest, regardless of the interests of others, unless their interests

153). In essence, utilitarianism is maximizing everyone’s happiness, which can almost be considered a universal acceptance (Boylan, 2009, p. 154). Jeremy Bentham is one of the proponents of modern utilitarianism and states, “nature has placed mankind under the governance of two sovereign masters, pain and pleasure” (Boylan, 2009, p. 154). In business utilitarianism shares the nonmoral views that the best decision that had no moral conflict would be to maximize profit, which would be the greatest good of the company and its employees (Boylan, 2009, p. 162). Utilitarianism does not always hold true in some minds. Utilitarianism does not take into account motives of the people (Boylan, 2009, p. 165). “If one acts in accord with the general principle and its corollaries, then one is moral” (Boylan, 2009, p. 165).

Utilitarianism is a theory in normative ethics supporting the idea that the morally correct course of action is the one that maximizes utility, usually defined as maximizing totally benefit and minimizing suffering. By ‘utility’ in this sense we mean ‘happiness’ or ‘pleasure, or similar. Although there are many varieties,

The doctrine of utilitarianism is based on the principle of utility. Utilitarianism is mainly characterized by two elements; happiness and consequentialism. Utilitarian happiness is the biggest joy which every human being looks for in life. In utilitarianism everything useful to happiness is good. Therefore, the name of Utility is found in everything which contributes to the happiness of every rational being. The criterion of right and wrong is balanced between individual's happiness and the happiness of the entire community, "each counting in a balanced way". Consequentialism in utilitarianism is based on the fact that an action must be judged by its consequences on the happiness of the largest number. That is: my search for

RATIONALE: Each fracture site would be coded separately. The C1 fracture would be coded with 805.01, and the C2 fracture with 805.02. As reported in the Indication section, this was an MVC of an unspecified nature, and the patient was the driver. E819 is the code for MVC of unspecified nature with the 4th digit of 0 to show the patient was driving.

1. What are the current challenges facing United Way? What are key issues in the general and non-profit charitable giving industry environments that affect United Way’s operations?

For utilitarian philosophers, happiness is the supreme value of life. John Stuart Mill defines Utilitarianism as a theory based on the principle that “actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness. By happiness is intended pleasure and the absence of pain; by unhappiness, pain and privation of pleasure” (Mill, Utilitarianism). This meaning that utilitarianism is determined by the calculation of happiness, in which actions are deemed to be good if they tend to produce pleasure, a form of happiness. On the contrary, they are evil if they tend to promote pain. Not only does Mill regard to the end product of happiness in actions, but also considers the motives of such actions. In his argument, Mill defends the idea that happiness as the underlying basis of morality, and that people desire nothing but happiness.

Utilitarianism, or the Greatest Happiness Principle, states that the morality of an action should be judged based on the extent to which it produces happiness, or the opposite of happiness—an action is good as long as the result is happiness, and deemed bad if it results in pain. A clearer understanding of what Utilitarianism is can be gained by John Stuart Mill’s characterization of what it is not. He states, “I believe that the very imperfect notion ordinarily formed of its meaning, is the chief obstacle which impedes its reception; and that could it be cleared, even from only the grosser misconceptions, the question would be greatly simplified, and a large proportion of its difficulties removed” (Mill, 2007, p. 4). In defining Utilitarianism, Mill dispels common misconceptions that are held about Utilitarianism in order to give the reader a clearer understanding of the doctrine and the rationales that support it.

109). The issue is like double edged sword to compare with. From one point of view Mill states that individuals always act in a sense to maximize overall happiness. It means that irrespective of aims and motives, people have to act to increase and maximize overall happiness. From another point of view which again Mill states our ninety-nine percent actions are practiced and more importantly ‘motivated by other values’. Nevertheless, attaining overall happiness issue for greatest happiness mismatched with reality and the theory. Sanctions about demanding issue which considers always people be motivated in order to maximize overall benefit idea and personal aims which may differ from idealized motives to improve overall happiness. If it is taken into consideration that two variety of perspectives about demanding issue from motivation point of view and Mill’s defense to this idea, demanding criteria pose a challenge to utilitarianism.

Utilitarianism is the ethical belief that the happiness of the greatest number of people is the greatest good. Jeremy Betham and John Stuart Mill are two philosophers that were leading advocates for the utilitarianism that we study today. In order to understand the basis of utilitarianism, one must know what happiness is. John Stuart Mill defines happiness as the intended pleasure and absence of pain while unhappiness is pain and the privation of pleasure. Utilitarians feel the moral obligation to maximize pleasure for not only themselves, but for as many people as possible. All actions can be determined as right or wrong based on if they produce the maximum amount of happiness. The utilitarian belief that all actions can be determined as right or wrong based only on their repercussions connects utilitarianism to consequentialism. Consequentialism is the belief that an action can be determined morally right or wrong based on its consequences. Just like any other belief system, utilitarianism faces immense amount of praise and criticism.

Utilitarianism is the argument that all actions must be made for the greatest happiness for the greater number of people (Bentham, 42). However, utilitarianism cannot always be the basis of one’s decisions due to the fact that people need to look out for their own pain and pleasure before consulting others’ wellbeing. I will first explain the arguments of the utilitarianism ideal. Then I willl explain why this argument is unconvincing. Ultimately, I will then prove why people consider their own happiness before considering others. Thus showing the utilitarianism view is implausible due to the need for people to consider their own happiness when making decisions or else they themselves will be experiencing the most pain and unhappiness.

The idea of Utilitarianism, and the greatest happiness principle were developed by philosophers John Stuart Mill and Jeremy Bentham in the 19th century, and even has lineage back to Epictetus, utilitarianism coincides with the greatest happiness principle. The idea is that you should act in a way that would generate the majority of overall happiness, and focus on the consequences of your actions rather than the action itself (Driver, 2009), this goes along perfectly with the definition to be wise of maximizing benefit, because being wise means maximizing benefit. Furthermore, this means that good actions have good consequences, regardless of the intention of the action. This way, we can ensure that we ensure that we, as a society and individuals, make as many people as happy as possible, and through knowing that you are promoting happiness for others, you yourself can find happiness through that. Therefore, because we as sentient beings, do what we do as we think it will promote our happiness, thinking and acting like a utilitarian will ensure that our actions

Therefore, according to the philosophy of utilitarianism, our private or public life is in the last analysis concerned with maximizing happiness as well as maximizing pleasure.

The way broiler chickens and farm cows are raised on farms in the US is cruel and inhumane. “Chickens raised for their flesh—called “broiler” chickens by the meat industry—are typically confined to massive, windowless sheds that hold tens of thousands of birds each.”-Peta.org) Farm cows and broiler chickens raised together in a small space is hard on these animals. Chickens should allowed to roam free and in more natural settings than how they are raised now in chicken houses. Conditions would be more sanitary and less disease would spread if chickens were allowed to roam and have less crowding. The same applies to farm cows that are raised in small pens. Chickens need space to exercise, roost and nest. Ideal conditions for chickens is “between 2 and 10 square feet per chicken.” (poultry Housing 7)Recent videos have gone viral showing chickens walking all over each other and being abused. The chicken houses do not have enough space for chickens to exercise. The cramped conditions puts the

According to Peta approximately 150 billion land animal are killed for consumption every year which is morally wrong. Angela Henderson, a representative from Peta stated “Animals feel fear, grief and pain when they are next in line to die at the slaughter house.”. This quote shows reader that animal is not heartless and soulless being without feeling. The product that we consume everyday ranging from dairy product such as milk to the meat we eat such as pork chop are tie to the suffering of animals. Hen in the egg factories experience a gruesome life from the day they are born to the day they die. Baby chicks have their beak mutilated at birth without any anesthesia and from there they spend the rest of their life in tiny little cages until their death. Most hen never witness a day of sunlight. Their living condition is so horrible that they are force to urinate and defecate one and