with reference to examples, discuss the degree to which the level of economic development in a country affects planning and management in urban areas

Urban growth is described as the increase in the number of people who live in towns and cities and suburbanisation can be defined as the outward growth of urban development.

13. Urban Sprawl: Urban sprawl refers to migration of population from high density urban areas to low density rural areas which results in spreading of city over more and more rural land. Urban sprawl results in land degradation, increased traffic, environmental issues and health issues. The ever growing demand of land displaces natural environment consisting of flora and fauna instead of being replaced.

Rapid urbanisation has caused a variety of problems, including transport congestion, lack of sufficient homes and living conditions, sanitary and health care issues, and crime. For all these problems, city planners have attempted potential solutions, each with varying degrees of success. Cities including London, Manila and Mumbai have several of the aforementioned problems, and have each tried their own potential solutions. This essay will discuss how successful these schemes have been in resolving these issues.

This included Air, land and water polluting, derelict warehouses and churches, high levels of graffiti, and also a large amount of traffic congestion. Some houses were in such a poor state, that they fell down with people living in them, resulting in a number of tragic deaths. The city had rapidly fallen into a state of ‘inner city decay.’

Urbanisation is caused by people inhabiting the cities and towns moving away from rural areas. This can be a problem because it causes Overcrowding, waste accumulation, transport systems.

Over a period of time, parts of cities tend to decay in the sense that they are not as modern as other parts or they have simply been neglected. This may include disused factories, railway yards and dockyard areas as well as residential areas. This process is known as urban decay and effected areas are often referred to as ‘blighted zones’ of the city. In the case of Sydney, urban decay is evident in the poorer quality terrace housing suburbs such as Newtown, Pyrmont, Ultimo, Glebe and Redfern, former railway workshops and yards such as Eveleigh in Redfern, former dock and railway areas in Darling Harbour and Pyrmont and former factory areas in Zetland and Rhodes. (ref. map on page 4).

Urban regeneration is defined as improving an area that has been experiencing a period of decline due to a variety of reasons, such as lack of employment, lack of investment in the CBD, suburbanisation etc. Ways that this can be resolved include property led regeneration, prestige project developments and partnership development schemes. These have all been carried out in the UK recently due to urban decline in some areas, and some have been more successful in others, in terms of its effectiveness on the location, effectiveness on problems that existed beforehand and the effect on the local community. Most importantly, the

The author Mike Davis has done countless research on the topic of urban poverty. In his studies he collects and receives his information from other sources. Perhaps this is the reason why he has a negative view on slums. This is illustrated in his piece “Planet of Slums” as he discusses the politics, urban development, and methods within the slums population. According to Davis, slums and urban poverty have and will continue to significantly increase. While doing so, the gap in exclusion and inequality will grow. As a result, this will weaken urban elites in their work to utilize cities as engines of growth. Slums and slum population are classified as those who are living below the poverty lines, all while, being associated with overcrowding, having poor or informal housing, inadequate access to safe water and sanitation, and insecurity of tenure. This is being recognized as an international phenomenon. To emphasis this phenomenon, approximately half of the slum population in most

Planning and management needs to happen in all countries over the world because no matter how different the level of development between countries the problems will be same in urban areas. These problems that need to be planned and managed in the urban areas of the city are becoming increasingly significant due to the fact that there has been a hug increase in the number of people living in cities worldwide, just over fifty percent of the world are now living in urban areas. The main reason for this is the huge increase in urbanisation which is defined as an increase in the proportion of

Gentrification is the term used for the process of renewal and rebuilding of an existing urban district, accompanied by the arrival of wealthier people, an increase in rents and property values, and the transformation of an urban district's character and culture. It is a term often used negatively because of it's suggested displacement of poorer communities by affluent outsiders. It is also seen by proponents as an urban planning strategy because it is meant to minimize the growth of urban slums and revitalize crime-ridden, poorer communities. This is not always the case when gentrification harms the low-income populations by exacerbating affordable housing problems, destroying long-standing social ties, and re-segregating the urban housing

Gentrification is a problem that every country and city has experience rather they know it or not. Countries are affected by this process and many of its civilians are left with nowhere to call their home. Communities where they once lived turn into places they’ve never seen before. To be forced out of their own communities is only hurting the economic system of that city and/or country. The people that are being displaced are minorities and being forced out their community is killing their cultural.

Mike Davis, author of Planet of Slums, predicts the direction in which the world’s cities are headed, and how the changes in living conditions are only going to deteriorate if certain trends continue. The title of his book explains Davis’s vision for the future of cities as he feels there is enough evidence pointing towards an exponential rise in slum populations across the world’s largest cities. Additionally, he expresses his opinion on many issues regarding the rapid rise in developing cities’ slum populations, although he offers very one-sided arguments geared towards those who feel the current system is causing more problems rather than improving current conditions. This causes Davis to overlook the problems of slums as resolvable through different modes of assistance such as international aid programs. Instead, he views aid programs as the root cause of imbalance created during industrialization. Throughout the book, Davis presents information that confirms his preconceptions towards the slums. Therefore, all the evidence that is presented by him portrays confirmation bias as Davis fails to mention anything about the resolution of the problem of the growing number of slums and instead sees this problem as unavoidable. Particularly, Davis’ writing, although intended for the general population, is more geared towards critics who have similar ideas. Instead of providing the means through which the economy could be improved and the problem of slums could be resolved, it is

A major cause of gentrification is land speculation. The act of selecting investments with higher risk to profit from an anticipated price increase. This not only was a loss of power to the local peoples, but it causes a loss of local culture. This is where local people started to not agree with gentrification and what it was doing.

Gentrification is something similar to the new urbanization because it’s like upgrading whole area as low to high. Therefore, I think that gentrification has both advantages and disadvantages to people who live around the town or area where the gentrification is happing. The reason is, when gentrification happens it develop houses and allow new businesses to come by rebuilding a whole area of something like old town. However, it has a price to pay. When gentrification happen, it means it’s making place to high quality, which means the rent price of area increase. Which also affects the rent price of house and building. Therefore, people who lives in house or people who has business on gentrification area, it would be hard for them to survive. Because if they have to pay extra rent. So, if they do not have enough money to pay for their house or building rent they have to leave the place or close the business. As a result, I believe, if one city or town is planning for gentrification in specific area, there should be back up plan for people who is living or having business on the area where planning for the gentrification. So, even though gentrification is on progress people could be satisfied and relieve with the construction. Therefore, I would say there should be changes in gentrification or it could be double-blade for people because of negative and positive effect of gentrification.

Slums are hindrance to the achievement of economic growth and development. It is the duty of the government to plan effectively towards the achievement of quality life within the cities. Slums contribute towards the presence of criminal activities within the cities and unemployment hence a significant force towards the overall economic development. Upgrading of slums is vital in the process of offering economic, social, institutional, and cultural services to the city dwellers like other citizens.