0.820 mole of hydrogen gas has a volume of 2.00 L at a certain temperature and pressure. What is the volume of 0.125 mole of this gas at the same temperature and pressure?
Ideal and Real Gases
Ideal gases obey conditions of the general gas laws under all states of pressure and temperature. Ideal gases are also named perfect gases. The attributes of ideal gases are as follows,
Gas Laws
Gas laws describe the ways in which volume, temperature, pressure, and other conditions correlate when matter is in a gaseous state. The very first observations about the physical properties of gases was made by Robert Boyle in 1662. Later discoveries were made by Charles, Gay-Lussac, Avogadro, and others. Eventually, these observations were combined to produce the ideal gas law.
Gaseous State
It is well known that matter exists in different forms in our surroundings. There are five known states of matter, such as solids, gases, liquids, plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate. The last two are known newly in the recent days. Thus, the detailed forms of matter studied are solids, gases and liquids. The best example of a substance that is present in different states is water. It is solid ice, gaseous vapor or steam and liquid water depending on the temperature and pressure conditions. This is due to the difference in the intermolecular forces and distances. The occurrence of three different phases is due to the difference in the two major forces, the force which tends to tightly hold molecules i.e., forces of attraction and the disruptive forces obtained from the thermal energy of molecules.
A. 0.820 mole of hydrogen gas has a volume of 2.00 L at a certain temperature and pressure. What is the volume of 0.125 mole of this gas at the same temperature and pressure?
B. A sample of nitrogen gas has a volume of 32.4 L at 20°C. The gas is heated to 220°C at constant pressure. What is the final volume of nitrogen?
C. The gas pressure in an aerosol can is 1.8 atm at 25°C. If the gas is an ideal gas, what pressure would develop in the can if it were heated to 475°C?
D. A small bubble rises from the bottom of a lake, where the temperature and pressure are 4°C and 3.0 atm, to the water’s surface, where the temperature is 25°C and the pressure is 0.95 atm. Calculate the final volume of the bubble if its initial volume was 2.1 mL.
E. Calculate the volume occupied by 35.2 g of methane gas (CH4 ) at 25°C and 1.0 atm.
F. A gas evolved during the fermentation of sugar was collected at 22.5°C and 702 mmHg. After purification, its volume was found to be 25.0 L. How many moles of gas were collected?
G. How many molecules of N2 gas can be present in a 2.5 L flask at 50°C and 650 mmHg?
H. Calculate the mass, in grams, of 2.74 L of CO gas measured at 33 °C and 945 mmHg.
I. Calculate the density, in g/L, of SF6 gas at 27.0°C and 0.500 atm pressure.
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