Market Structures...Economists try to identify market structures in order to understand how firms and consumers behave. Wecharacterize market structures by the number of buyers or sellers who are present, by the relative easewith which a new seller may enter the market, by the variation in the product from one supplier to thenext, and by the amount of competition present.Perfect CompetitionPerfect competition is the most competitive market structure. A market with perfect competition has alarge number of buyers and sellers. In this type of market, there are no barriers to entry or exit, whichmeans a new seller will have a fairly easy time if he wants to start doing business. The product ishomogeneous, in the sense that one bushel of wheat isn't really all that different from any other bushel ofwheat. A perfectly competitive market is also characterized by the availability of perfect information, orfree and equal access for everyone to information about the product, its price, and the firms. A firm inperfect competition sells a product with perfectly price-elastic demand (the "rubber band" variety). Thefirm is forced to be a price-taker. It has no choice but to sell at the market price. If a firm sells itsproduct at a price over the market price, it won't earn any revenue-since goods are homogeneous,consumers will simply switch to another firm's product.Examples of Perfectly Competitive Markets-wheat•silverlivestock. eurosgold•yen2.30 IN BRIEFShort answer. Write a response to each of these prompts about perfectly competitive markets.1. How many buyers and sellers are there?2. How easy or difficult is it for a new seller to enter the market?3. How different is one seller's product from the next?5. How much information is available to buyers and sellers about the market?6. How does a seller decide upon a sale price?

Answered: 1. How many buyers and sellers are…

Business

Economics

1. How many buyers and sellers are there?

Principles of Economics 2e

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781947172364

Author:Steven A. Greenlaw; David Shapiro

Publisher:Steven A. Greenlaw; David Shapiro

Chapter10: Monopolistic Competition And Oligopoly

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 20P: May and Raj me the only two growers who provide organically grown corn to a local grocery store....

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May and Raj me the only two growers who provide organically grown corn to a local grocery store. They know that if they cooperated and produced less corn, they could raise the price of the com. If they work independently, they will each earn 100. If they decide to work together and both lower their output, they call each earn 150. If one person lowers output and the other does not, the person who lowers output will earn $1 and the other person will capture the entire market and will earn 200. Table 10.6 represents the choices available to Mary and Raj. What is the best choice for Raj if he is sole that Mary will cooperate? If Mary thinks Raj will cheat, what should Mary do and why? What is the prisoners dilemma result? What is the preferred choice if they could ensure cooperation? A = Work independently; B = Cooperate and Lower Output. (Each results entry lists Rajs earnings first, and Marys earnings second.)
Profit is the incentive that drives our market economy. Firms make production, pricing, andhiring decisions based on their quest for profit. But what happens when a firm discoversthat it can make dramatically higher profits by stopping production altogether? In December2000, due to wild swings in the market for electricity, Kaiser Aluminium faced just such adecision.Kaiser Aluminium had contracted with Bonneville power for all of its electricity needs andfound itself in the unique position of being an electricity consumer and, potentially, anelectricity reseller. By December 2000, Kaiser faced a difficult decision of continuing itscurrent aluminium production and profit levels, or closing the plant to dramatically increaseits profit by simply reselling its electricity.When making production decisions, firms must consider both their costs and revenues. Oneimportant concern for many firms is utility costs. In 1996, Kaiser Aluminium Corporation inSpokane, Washington, entered into a…
Profit is the incentive that drives our market economy. Firms make production, pricing, andhiring decisions based on their quest for profit. But what happens when a firm discoversthat it can make dramatically higher profits by stopping production altogether? In December2000, due to wild swings in the market for electricity, Kaiser Aluminium faced just such adecision.Kaiser Aluminium had contracted with Bonneville power for all of its electricity needs andfound itself in the unique position of being an electricity consumer and, potentially, anelectricity reseller. By December 2000, Kaiser faced a difficult decision of continuing itscurrent aluminium production and profit levels, or closing the plant to dramatically increaseits profit by simply reselling its electricity.When making production decisions, firms must consider both their costs and revenues. Oneimportant concern for many firms is utility costs. In 1996, Kaiser Aluminium Corporation inSpokane, Washington, entered into a…
Profit is the incentive that drives our market economy. Firms make production, pricing, andhiring decisions based on their quest for profit. But what happens when a firm discoversthat it can make dramatically higher profits by stopping production altogether? In December2000, due to wild swings in the market for electricity, Kaiser Aluminium faced just such adecision.Kaiser Aluminium had contracted with Bonneville power for all of its electricity needs andfound itself in the unique position of being an electricity consumer and, potentially, anelectricity reseller. By December 2000, Kaiser faced a difficult decision of continuing itscurrent aluminium production and profit levels, or closing the plant to dramatically increaseits profit by simply reselling its electricity.When making production decisions, firms must consider both their costs and revenues. Oneimportant concern for many firms is utility costs. In 1996, Kaiser Aluminium Corporation inSpokane, Washington, entered into a…
Firms can choose a location in the linear city of length 1 with fixed cost of 25. Consumer density at any location x in the linear city is 400. a) Show that a firm each at 0.125, 0.375, 0.625 and 0. 875 is not an equilibrium. b) What is the equilibrium number of firms and th6ir locations? c) Illustrate how entry is no longer profitable at equilibrium? Plz do fast
Food prices in sports stadiums are notoriously high because there is a limit on the numberof vendors that can operate in the stadium, which is a barrier to entry. In 2017, the AtlantaFalcons, an American football team, lowered the barriers to entry by allowing more foodvendors into their stadium. If the market for food in the stadium follows our perfect marketassumptions, what might you expect happened after this change? Do not worry about theunderlying facts of each statement, only whether it makes economic sense given our model.(Select one or more.)(a) The price of food in the stadium decreased because of an increase in supply.(b) The price of food in the stadium decreased because of an increase in demand.(c) The quantity of food sold decreased because of a movement of the supply curve.(d) The quantity of food sold increased because of a movement along the demand curve.(e) Profit per vendor decreased because of lower food prices.(f) Profit per vendor increased because of greater…
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In Brazil, coffee beans are cultivated by a very large number of small farms that all produce beansof similar quality and taste at similar costs. Land is still plentiful, and the equipment required isaffordable enough to allow new farming businesses to start up under current market conditions.However, better production techniques, especially alternatives to polluting fertilisers anddeforestation, are needed in this industry. Using the theory and models of industry structure, examinethis industry. Should government be worried about any aspect of how an industry with this marketstructure will perform?
Return to Figure 9.2. Suppose P0 is $10 and P1 is$11. Suppose a new firm with the same LRAC curve asthe incumbent tries to break into the market by selling4,000 units of output. Estimate from the graph what thenew firm’s average cost of producing output would be.If the incumbent continues to produce 6,000 units, howmuch output would the two firms supply to the market?Estimate what would happen to the market price as aresult of the supply of both the incumbent firm andthe new entrant. Approximately how much profit wouldeach firm earn?
COURSE: MICROECONOMICS - Bertrand's ModelAssume that a market is supplied by 2 companies, whose total costs are: CTi = 100Respective demand of each is: q1 = 120 - 2p1 + p2 and q2 = 120 - 2p2 + p1It is requested to:(a) calculate the firms' profit and reaction function.(b) plot the market equilibrium price and reaction function(d) calculate equilibrium quantity produced by each firm(e) determine profits that both firms will have at equilibrium.
Firms J and K produce compact-disc players and compete againstone another. Each firm can develop either an economy player (E)or a deluxe player (D). According to the best available marketresearch, the firms’ resulting profits are given by the accompanyingpayoff table.a. The firms make their decision independently, and each is seeking itsown maximum profit. Is it possible to make a confident predictionconcerning their actions and the outcome? Explain.Firm KE DE 30, 55 50, 60 Firm JD 40, 75 25, 50b. Suppose that firm J has a lead in development and so can move first.What action should J take, and what will be K’s response?c. What will be the outcome if firm K can move first?
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