1. Pancreatic α-amylase and small intestinal membrane-bound α-glucosidases are involved in starch digestions.  What are the 2 starch molecules?  What are their (α-amylase and the α-glucosidases) substrates and products?  How do the 2 starch molecules differ from each other in terms of their digestion and products formed?  What happens to the starch molecules if either α-amylase or the α-glucosidases or both are inhibited?  Why non-starch polysaccharides such as dietary fibers cannot be digested?

1. Pancreatic α-amylase and small intestinal membrane-bound α-glucosidases are involved in starch digestions.  What are the 2 starch molecules?  What are their (α-amylase and the α-glucosidases) substrates and products?  How do the 2 starch molecules differ from each other in terms of their digestion and products formed?  What happens to the starch molecules if either α-amylase or the α-glucosidases or both are inhibited?  Why non-starch polysaccharides such as dietary fibers cannot be digested?

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter47: Animal Nutrition

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8TYK: The role of the liver in digestion is to: a. synthesize aminopeptidase and dipeptidase to...

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Describe the process of CHO digestion and absorption in the mouth, stomach, SI, enterocyte, and LI. Describe the function of alpha-amylase (salivary and pancreatic). Describe the difference in the digestion of amylose vs amylopectin and glycogen. Describe the function of each enzyme responsible for carbohydrate breakdown. Focus on how each enzyme is different and their important contribution to digestion of different types of carbs. Describe the three types of transport necessary for CHO absorption. Identify which monosaccharides can be absorbed for each mechanism. Describe general regulation of CHO absorption. Describe the normal response of blood glucose, insulin, and glucagon to eating a CHO-containing meal. Describe how insulin secretion is stimulated
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1. Describe the digestion of dietary proteins. 2. What are the different pathways of glucose metabolism? 3. Discuss fully the synthesis of triacylglycerol in the adipose tissue, muscles, intestines and liver.
Describe the main actions in the mouth, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine during lipid digestion and absorption. Describe the substrate(s) and product(s) of each of the give major enzymes we discussed: lingual lipase, gastric lipase, pancreatic lipase, phospholipase A2, and carboxyl ester lipase. Describe emulsification of lipids. Why does this need to happen for digestion and absorption to occur? Describe how lipids are absorbed at the apical membrane. Describe lipid transport in the enterocyte. Describe lipid transport across the basolateral membrane and into circulation. Define the brain-gut axis and give examples of how lipids impact. Give examples of symptoms related to malabsorption of lipids. Give examples of diseases/conditions involving malabsorption of lipids.
If the fat in whole milk is ingested: a. the stomach, with its high pH, will stimulate cells of the duodenum to hasten stomach emptying. b. parietal cells in the stomach will absorb it. c. in the small intestine, bile salts emulsify the fats and then lipase hydrolyzes them. d. lactase deficiency in the small intestine would prevent its digestion. e. microvilli will absorb the fat in the form of chylomicrons directly into the blood of the hepatic portal vein.
The order of successive steps in digestion is: a. absorption follows enzymatic hydrolysis. b. secretion of enzymes follows absorption of digestive material. c. mechanical processing follows enzyme secretion. d. mechanical processing follows enzymatic hydrolysis. e. enzymatic hydrolysis precedes secretion of digestive aids.
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Which of the following statements are true concerning the activity of bile salts? (Assessing Lipase Activity on Lipid Digestion) Choose from the following: (A) bile salts work by a chemical process (B) bile salts work by a physical process (C) bile salts act as an enzyme (D) A and C (E) B and C
3.How does the mouth achieve initial digestion of carbohydrates? Choose from the choices below. by means of the salivary amylase which is produced by the salivary glands through the HCl acid produced by the chief cells at the outermost oral epithelia due to the enzymatic action of the pancreatic juices produced in the mouth
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