Answered: 1. What would happen if Na+ channels…

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1. What would happen if Na+ channels opened and stayed open?

Cardiopulmonary Anatomy & Physiology

7th Edition

ISBN:9781337794909

Author:Des Jardins, Terry.

Publisher:Des Jardins, Terry.

Chapter12: Electrophysiology Of The Heart

Section: Chapter Questions

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Concept explainers

Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.

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1. An action potential does occur in response to a _____ , which strong enough to depolarize the membrane to threshold.
1. It is not important to know the actual numbers for absolute or relative refractory periods. Due to refractory periods, is there a maximum frequency of APs?
The major role of the Na+/K+ pump is to: a. cause a rapid firing of the action potential so the inside of themembrane becomes momentarily positive. b. decrease the resting membrane potential to zero. c. hyperpolarize the membrane above resting value. d. cause an action potential to enter a refractory period. e. maintain the resting membrane potential at a constantnegative value.
5. The falling phase of the action potential due to the: A. Entry of sodium ions B. Exiting of sodium ions C. Entry of potassium ions D. Exiting of potassium ions
3) Neurons cannot respond during the absolute refractory period because: a) the concentration gradients for Na+ and K+ are reversed. b) the cell is below its normal resting membrane potential. c) voltage-gated Na+ channel activation gates are closed. d) voltage-gated Na+ channel inactivation gates are closed.
2. Discuss the role of ion channels in the initiation of neuronal excitability.
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On the graph above, when do the sodium ion channels close? Select one: a. between 0.2 ms and 0.5 ms, which is when depolarization occurs b. at 0.2 ms, which is when depolarization occurs c. at 0.5 ms, which is when repolarization begins d. between 0.5 ms and 0.8 ms, which is when repolarization occurs
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The influx of which ion accounts for the plateau phase? sodium potassium chloride calcium