
Concept explainers
1.Miller (2008) examined the energy drink consumption of college undergraduates and found that males use energy drinks significantly more often than females. To further investigate this phenomenon, suppose a researcher selects a random sample of n = 36 male undergraduates and a sample of n = 25 females. On average, the males reported consuming M = 2.45 drinks per month and females had an average of M = 1.28. Assume that the overall level of consumption for college undergraduates averages μ = 1.85 energy drinks per month, and that the distribution of monthly consumption scores is approximately normal with a standard deviation of σ = 1.2.
The researcher wants to know if the sample of females consume significantly fewer energy drinks than the overall population average.
- Using symbols, state the hypotheses for the type of test you indicated in part a. (H0and H1)
- Sketch the appropriate distribution and locate the critical region for α = .01 for the type of test you indicated in part a.
- Test the researcher’s hypothesis using the appropriate statistic.
- What decision should be made about the null hypothesis? Be sure to use the correct language when answering this question.
- Compute Cohen’s dto measure the size of the effect. Is it a small, medium or large effect?
- Write a sentence describing the outcome of the hypothesis test and the measure of effect size as it would appear in a research report.

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