10. Shown below are the structures of six molecules. For each molecule: i.) Indicate whether the molecule features delocalized n bonding. ii.) Indicate which atoms in each molecule possess p orbitals that are not hybridized. iii.) If the molecule does feature delocalized n bonding, draw at least one resonance structure that exists for the molecule. А. В. С. F. NH2 D. Е. `NH2
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- Draw the dot structure for: a) ClO3-1 b) ICl2-1 c) What is the shape of ClO3-1? d) What is the shape of ICl2-1? e) What is the hybridization (sp, sp2, sp3, etc) about each central atom in parts a and b above?Consider the Lewis structure shown below. (a) Does the Lewis structure depict a neutral molecule or anion? If it is an ion, what is the charge on the ion? (b) What hybridizationis exhibited by each of the carbon atoms? (c) Arethere multiple equivalent resonance structures for the species?(d) How many electrons are in the π system of the species?Use sketches of orbitals to show how VB theory explains the bonding in the Cl2 molecule. Illustrate with appropriate orbital diagrams as well. Use these to determine the number of orbitals that overlap in the Cl2 molecule. How many orbitals overlap in Cl2? Choose answer that aplies. a. Bonding will be similar to the bonding in F2, because fluorine and chlorine are in the same group of the periodic table. b. One 3p orbital of each chlorine atom will participate in the bonding in the Cl2 molecule. c. One 2p orbital of each chlorine atom will participate in the bonding in the Cl2 molecule. d. Two sp7 molecular orbitals will participate in the bonding in Cl2 molecule. d. Bonding will be similar to the bonding in F2, because fluorine and chlorine are in the same period of the periodic table.
- One of the first drugs to be approved for use in treatment of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) was azidothymidine (AZT). Complete the Lewis structure for AZT. a. How many carbon atoms are sp3 hybridized? b. How many carbon atoms are sp2 hybridized? c. Which atom is sp hybridized? d. How many σ bonds are in the molecule? e. How many π bonds are in the molecule? f. Wnat isthe N9N9N bond angle inthe azide (-N3) group? g. What is the H-Q-C bond angle in the side group attached to the five membered ring? h. What is the hybridization of the oxygen atom in the -CH2OH group?CH3+ and CH3− are two highly reactive carbon species. a. What is the predicted hybridization and geometry around each carbon atom? b.Two electrostatic potential plots are drawn for these species. Which ion corresponds to which diagram and why?Please fill in the blank ! In part B, the difference is that the molecules have more than one atom with two or more attached neighbors. As molecules become larger and more complex, VSEPR theory does not attempt to create names for the overall geometries that result. Instead, we continue to consider the geometry about one central atom at a time. By giving the arrangement about each such atom in the larger structure, we can generate enough information to develop an overall picture. Thus, in your report for part B, you should determine which atoms have more than one bound neighbor, then repeat the procedure for part A. When deciding whether the molecules in part B are polar or nonpolar, focus on the molecule as a whole, not the geometry about a single atom. If the molecule is polar, draw a dipole arrow on your sketch indicating polarity.
- In the hydrocarbon: (a) What is the hybridization at each carbon atom in themolecule? (b) How many σ bonds are there in the molecule?(c) How many π bonds? (d) Identify all the 120° bond anglesin the molecule.1, How many valence electrons does the molecule SO3 have? a, 24 b, 16 c, 18 d, 12 What's the electron geometry of SO3?The structure of the visual pigment retinal is shown in (1). Label each atom with its state of hybridization and specify the composition of each of the different type of bond.
- One of the first drugs to be approved for use in treatment of acccquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) was azidothymidine (AZT). Complete the Lewis structure for AZT a. How many carbon atoms are sp3 hybridised? b. How many carbon atoms are sp2 hybridised? c. Which atom is sp hybridised? d. How many σ bonds are in the molecule? e. How many π bonds are in the molecule? f. What is the N9N9N bond angle in the azide (--N3) group? g. What is the H--Q--C bond angle in the side group attached to the five-membered ring? h. What is the hybridization of the oxygen atom in the --CH2OH group?The lactic acid molecule, CH3CH1OH2COOH, gives sourmilk its unpleasant, sour taste. (a) Draw the Lewis structurefor the molecule, assuming that carbon always forms fourbonds in its stable compounds. (b) How many p and howmany s bonds are in the molecule? (c) Which CO bond isshortest in the molecule? (d) What is the hybridization ofatomic orbitals around the carbon atom associated withthat short bond? (e) What are the approximate bond anglesaround each carbon atom in the molecule?Construct an approximate molecular orbital energy diagram for a hypothetical planar form of NH3. From a consideration of the atomic energy levels, place the N and H3 orbitals on either side of a molecular orbital energy-level diagram. Then use your judgement about the effect of bonding and anti bonding interactions and energies of the parent orbitals to construct the molecular orbital energy levels in the centre of your diagram and draw lines indicating the contributions of the atomic orbitals to each molecular orbital. Ionization energies are I(H1s) = 13.6 eV, I(N2s) = 26.0 eV, and I(N2p)=13.4 eV.