#12 pls V. Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase (Early 1950s)Hershey and Chase utilized phages in their research. A bacteriophage is a virus that infects a bacterium, it consists of a protein coatand DNA, it also reproduces quickly and can easily be harvested. Hershey and Chase used radioactive P and S to track thedifferences in the protein and DNA, since only DNA contains Pand only proteins contain S. They infected bacteria with the phagethat had the radioactive S, and they infected another group of bacteria with a radioactive P. The results showed that the bacteriacontaining radioactive P entered the bacterium.Watch this to help you understand: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hubXqPrsIR4EXPERIMENTEmptyproteinshellRadioactiveproteinRadioactivity(phage protein)in liquidPhageBacterial cell -Batch 1:- DNARadioactivesulfur(s)PhageDNACentrifugePellet (bacterialcells and contents)RadioactiveDNABatch 2:Radioactivephosphorus(P)CentrifugeRadioactivityPellet (phage DNA)in pellet10. What are bacteriophages?A bacteriophage is a virus that infects a bacterium, it consists of a protein coat and DNA, it also reproduces quickly and caneasily be harvested.11. What effect does a bacteriophage have on E. coli bacteria?12. In one experiment, they grew bacteriophages in a culture with radioactive sulfur (35S).a. Into what part of the phage was the 35S incorporated? (protein coat or DNA)b. The phages were then allowed to infect E. coli. Where was the 35S found after mixing with the E. coli?c. What conclusion did Hershey and Chase make, based on these results?13. In another experiment, they grew bacteriophages in a culture with radioactive phosphorus (32P). The phages were thenallowed to infect E. coli.a. The phages were then allowed to infect E. coli. Where was the 32P found after mixing with the E. coli?b. What conclusion did Hershey and Chase make, based on these results?c. The Hershey Chase experiment provided evidence thatwas the genetic material.VI. Erwin Chargaff (Early 1950s)14. What is the difference between a purine and pyrimidine?15. Adenine (A) pairs withGuanine (G) pairs with16. The bases that are purines include&17. The bases that are pyrimidines include _&18. How many hydrogen bonds form between A&T?C&G?19. If an organism's genome consists of 10% thymine, what percent should be cytosine?VII. Rosalind Franklin (Early 1950s)20. What technique did Franklin use and improve?21. What did she discover about the probable shape of DNA?22. What controversy surrounds Rosalind Franklin?VIII. James Watson and Francis Crick (Early 1960s)23. What did they receive the Nobel Prize for?24. Describe the following parts of the DNA model proposed by Watson and Crick: Backbone and Rungs

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Alfred Hershey and Martha chase were the two scientists who discovered the DNA as a genetic…