2. List two a-ketoacid transferase enzymes used in the initial degradation step of amino acids:a.andAmino Acids: answer the questions regarding amino acids-degradation/synthesis (Chapter 20):3. What is SAM (or SAME)?; and, whatenzyme (or enzymatic) reaction is it involved in:4. A patient is diagnosed with phenylketonuria (PKU), which is an inborn error of metabolism. First ofall, what is the most serious adverse effect if left untreated?and what is another adverse effect that one might observe of someone with PKU?How must their diet be altered to reducethese adverse effects?a. First dietary change:b. Secondary dietary change / supplement added:c. Any other supplements?

Amino Acids- They are the organic compounds that contain amine (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH)…

Answered: 2. List two a-ketoacid transferase…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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1. Please identify the substrate and type of reaction, and explain how these reactions work for the following two enzymes Two enzymes: succinate dehydrogenase and L-amino acid reductase
The following diagram shows the biosynthesis of B12 coenzymes, starting with the vitamin. DMB is dimethylbenzimidazole. (a) What one additional substrate or cofactor is required by enzyme B?(b) Genetic deficiency in animals of enzyme C would result in excessiveurinary excretion of what compound?(c) Some forms of the condition described in (b) can be successfully treatedby injection of rather massive doses of vitamin B12. What kind ofgenetic alteration in the enzyme would be consistent with this result?(d) Genetic deficiency in animals of enzyme B will result in excessive urinaryexcretion of what amino acid?
1.A patient with chronic pancreatitis and hence decreased secretory function of pancreas was prescribed an enzymatic drug «Enzystal» before each meal. Explain this prescription. For that: a)Name pansreatic enzymes, participating in digestion of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. What is their pH optimum and how is it reached in duodenum? b) Draw the scheme representing the cascade of activation of pancreatic proteolytic enzymes. Indicate the mechanism ofactivation and its reversability c)Why are proteolytic enzymes secreted by pancreas in inactive form? d)What recommendations on diet can be given to this patient?
1.A student was given two test tubes. One tube contains a reaction catalyzed by an inorganic catalyst, while the second tube contains a reaction catalyzed by an enzyme which is protein in nature. Give two laboratory procedures which you can perform to differentiate which of the two tubes contain an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. 2. List the enzymes whose levels are elevated in blood serum as a result of hepatitis or cirrhosis of the liver.
1.Why do you think glutathione occurs in a concentration as high as glucose? 2.Explain why glutathione must be transported from cytosol to mitochondria. 3.Explain why glutathione can confer therapeutic benefit when taken orally.
How will the body respond if a normal biosynthetic pathway is blocked? a. The body will develop a different and completely new pathway to replace the blocked pathway. b. The body will not be able to produce the compounds of the blocked pathway and will eventually die. c. The body will use the reverse of the degradation pathway to make the necessary compounds. d. The body will not be affected by the blockage of a biosynthetic pathway.
(a) What are the Vmax and Km (including units) for Tigerzyme? b) What are the Vmax and Km (including units) for Tigerzyme in the presenceof the inhibitor Tar Heel? (c) What are the Vmax and Km (including units) for Tigerzyme in the presenceof the inhibitor Blue Devil?
Which of the following is NOT TRUE about fatty acid biosynthesis? A. 8 NADPH is used to produce palmitate. B. The growing fatty acid chain is elongated by the sequential addition of two-carbon units. C. The process is repeated 7 times to produce palmitate. D. The process occurs in the cytosol.
Which of the following statements about the transamination and deamination steps of amino acid degradation is true? (A) a-ketoglutarate is always formed during a transamination between an amino acid and glutamate. (B) Transamination reactions produce glutamate that is deaminated after entering the urea cycle. (C) Free ammonia is removed from glutamate using glutamate dehydrogenase and NAD+ as an oxidizing agent. (D) The free NH4+ that is removed from glutamate during the deamination reaction is used to form glucose.(E) The carbon backbone that results from transamination enters the mitochondria to be used in the urea cycle.
1, Using Model 10.9, draw the structure of the substrates of the pentose phosphate pathway and write down the enzymes and coenzymes that are involved in the reaction
1. What are the effects of pH and temperature to catalase? What is the optimum pH and optimum temperature for catalase? 2. Explain why the rate of reaction initially increases with increase in temperature then gradually declines as the temperature is further increased. 3. Is the rate of enzymatic reaction always directly dependent on enzyme concentration? Explain. 4. Explain the effect of substrate concentration on enzyme activity. 5. What is the effect of CuSO, on the enzymatic activity of catalase? 6. Is CuSO4 an activator or inhibitor? If it is an inhibitor, what kind of inhibitor is it?
Refer to the figure below and answer the following questions: Legend: Blue – wild-type β-galactosidase; Red – mutant β-galactosidase _________ a. What is the optimum pH of wild type β-galactosidase? _________ b. What is the optimum temperature of mutant β-galactosidase? _________ c. Which enzyme has the greater activity at pH 7.2? _________ d. Which enzyme has the greater activity at a temperature of 42.5oC? _________ e. Which enzyme has greater activity if pH decreases from 7.5 to 6.4? _________ f. Which enzyme has greater activity if temperature increases from 40oC to 41 oC?

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