26. Stephens, Atkins, and Kingston (2009) conducted a research study demonstrating that swearing can help reduce pain. In the study, each participant was asked to plunge a hand into icy water and keep it there as long as the pain would allow. In one condi- tion, the participants repeatedly yelled their favorite curse words while their hands were in the water. In the other condition the participants repeated a neu- tral word. Data similar to the results obtained in the study are shown in the following table. Calculate the mean number of seconds that the participants could tolerate the pain for each of the two treatment condi- tions. Does it appear that swearing helped with pain tolerance?
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Perform a hypothesis test, testing the hypothesis that swearing alters pain tolerance.
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- A researcher wants to know why individuals in Community A have a higher rate of a rare form of cancer when compared to those living in Community B. To find out the reasons for the differences in cancer rates in these two communities, the investigator surveyed residents about their lifestyle, noted the types of businesses that were present in the community and searched medical records. The researcher found that the headquarters for the Toxico Chemical Plant is located in Community A, there is a higher rate of cigarette smoking in this community and residents tended to delay or skip going to the doctor for an annual checkup. In Community B, the largest employer was a department store and on average, residents did not smoke as much as residents from Community A. However, like individuals from Community A, Community B residents tended to delay or skip their annual checkup with their doctor. 1. What makes this a descriptive study?To the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), the reasonableness of total itemized deductions depends on the taxpayer’s adjusted gross income. Large deductions, which include charity and medical deductions, are more reasonable for taxpayers with large adjusted gross incomes. If a taxpayer claims larger than average itemized deductions for a given level of income, the chances of an IRS audit are increased. Data (in thousands of dollars) on Adjusted Gross Income (AGI) and the Reasonable Amount of Itemized Deductions (RAID) are as follows: AGI : 22, 27, 32, 48, 65, 85, 120 RAID : 9.6, 9.6, 10.1, 11.1, 13.5, 17.7, 25.5 The correct interpretation of the meaning of each of the coefficients in the linear model is: a. When AGI is zero, the RAID is $4680 in this linear model. Since x = 0 is not included in the sample values of the independent variable, this interpretation cannot be a meaningful one. For every one thousand dollar of the AGI, the RAID increases by $161 in this linear model.…To the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), the reasonableness of total itemized deductions depends on the taxpayer’s adjusted gross income. Large deductions, which include charity and medical deductions, are more reasonable for taxpayers with large adjusted gross incomes. If a taxpayer claims larger than average itemized deductions for a given level of income, the chances of an IRS audit are increased. Data (in thousands of dollars) on Adjusted Gross Income (AGI) and the Reasonable Amount of Itemized Deductions (RAID) are as follows: AGI : 22, 27, 32, 48, 65, 85, 120 RAID : 9.6, 9.6, 10.1, 11.1, 13.5, 17.7, 25.5 Examine the attached printout and answer the following questions. The correct interpretation of the meaning of each of the coefficients in the linear model is: a. When AGI is zero, the RAID is $4680 in this linear model. Since x = 0 is not included in the sample values of the independent variable, this interpretation cannot be a meaningful one. For every one…
- To the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), the reasonableness of total itemized deductions depends on the taxpayer’s adjusted gross income. Large deductions, which include charity and medical deductions, are more reasonable for taxpayers with large adjusted gross incomes. If a taxpayer claims larger than average itemized deductions for a given level of income, the chances of an IRS audit are increased. Data (in thousands of dollars) on Adjusted Gross Income (AGI) and the Reasonable Amount of Itemized Deductions (RAID) are as follows: a. When AGI is zero, the RAID is $4680 in this linear model. Since x = 0 is not included in the sample values of the independent variable, this interpretation cannot be a meaningful one. For every one thousand dollar of the AGI, the RAID increases by $161 in this linear model. b. When AGI is zero, the RAID is $4680 in this linear model. For every one thousand dollar of the AGI, the RAID increases by $161 in this linear model. c. When…To the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), the reasonableness of total itemized deductions depends on the taxpayer’s adjusted gross income. Large deductions, which include charity and medical deductions, are more reasonable for taxpayers with large adjusted gross incomes. If a taxpayer claims larger than average itemized deductions for a given level of income, the chances of an IRS audit are increased. Data (in thousands of dollars) on Adjusted Gross Income (AGI) and the Reasonable Amount of Itemized Deductions (RAID) are as follows: AGI : 22, 27, 32, 48, 65, 85, 120 RAID : 9.6, 9.6, 10.1, 11.1, 13.5, 17.7, 25.5 Examine the attached printout and answer the following questions. The correct interpretation of the meaning of each of the coefficients in the linear model is:Each airline passenger and his luggage must bechecked for security. Suppose that at GothamCity Airport, 3.6 passengers per minute arrive, onaverage. Also, assume that interarrival times areexponentially distributed. To check passengersfor security, the airport must have a checkpointconsisting of a metal detector and baggage X-raymachine. Whenever a checkpoint is in operation,two employees are required. These two employeeswork simultaneously to check a single passenger. Acheckpoint can check an average of 4.2 passengersper minute, where the time to check a passenger isalso exponentially distributed. Under the assumption that the airport has only one checkpoint, answer thefollowing questions.a. Why is an MyMy1, not an MyMy2, model relevanthere?b. What is the probability that a passenger will haveto wait before being checked for weapons?c. On average, how many passengers are waiting inline to enter the checkpoint?d. On average, how long will a passenger spend at thecheckpoint (including…
- When looking at the data for graduate school admissions between men and women, it is shown that about 45% of men are admitted but only 38% of women. However, when the data is broken down by school it turns out that, within each school, the women are admitted at higher rates than the men. This could happen because I. The women apply in higher numbers to schools with lower acceptance rates. II. The women apply in higher numbers to schools with higher acceptance rates III. The men apply in higher numbers to schools with lower acceptance rates IV. The men apply in higher numbers to schools with higher acceptance ratesTo the Internal Revenue Service, the reasonableness of total itemized deductions depends on the taxpayer's adjusted gross income. Large deductions, which include charity and medical deductions, are more reasonable for taxpayers with large adjusted gross incomes. If a taxpayer claims larger than average itemized deductions for a given level of income, the chances of an IRS audit are increased. Data (in thousands of dollars) on adjusted gross income and the average or reasonable amount of itemized deductions follow. Adjusted Gross Income($1,000s) Itemized Deductions($1,000s) 22 9.6 27 9.6 32 10.1 48 11.1 65 11.5 85 19.7 120 23.5 (a) Develop a scatter diagram for these data with adjusted gross income as the independent variable. A scatter diagram has 7 points plotted on it. The horizontal axis ranges from 0 to 140 and is labeled: Adjusted Gross Income ($1,000s). The vertical axis ranges from 0 to 30 and is labeled: Itemized Deductions ($1,000s). The points are…To the Internal Revenue Service, the reasonableness of total itemized deductions depends on the taxpayer's adjusted gross income. Large deductions, which include charity and medical deductions, are more reasonable for taxpayers with large adjusted gross incomes. If a taxpayer claims larger than average itemized deductions for a given level of income, the chances of an IRS audit are increased. Data (in thousands of dollars) on adjusted gross income and the average or reasonable amount of itemized deductions follow. Adjusted Gross Income($1,000s) Itemized Deductions($1,000s) 22 9.6 27 9.6 32 10.1 48 11.1 65 13.5 85 19.7 120 27.5 (a) Develop a scatter diagram for these data with adjusted gross income as the independent variable. (b) Use the least squares method to develop the estimated regression equation that can be used to predict itemized deductions (in $1,000s) given the adjusted gross income (in $1,000s). (Round your numerical values to three decimal…
- To reduce the number of plant accidents, ABC Co. implemented a new safety program for employees. To determine its effectiveness, the number of accidents per week was recorded before and after the implementation of the program Week 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th Before 12 10 9 15 11 8 16 13 14 20 After 10 9 12 8 6 10 12 7 5 11 Test at α = -.05 if the new safety program is effective in reducing accidents.A random selection of volunteers at a research institute has been exposed to a weak flu virus. After the volunteers began to have flu symptoms, 20 of them were given multivitamin tablets daily that contained 1 gram of vitamin C and 3 grams of various other vitamins and minerals. The remaining 20 volunteers were given tablets containing 4 grams of vitamin C only. For each individual, the length of time taken to recover from the flu was recorded. At the end of the experiment the following data were obtained. Days to recover from flu Treated with multivitamin 3.2 , 7.3 , 8.4 , 6.1 , 2.5 , 6.7 , 6.3 , 3.7 , 7.0 , 7.7 , 9.1 , 9.9 , 9.0 , 2.6 , 2.0 , 5.1 , 5.7 , 2.5 , 2.9 , 4.5 Treated with vitamin C 2.7 , 5.3 , 3.7 , 5.5 , 4.5 , 3.8 , 7.6 , 5.3 , 3.6 , 5.2 , 2.3 , 4.7 , 3.6 , 5.2 , 2.3 , 7.1 , 3.3 , 6.1 , 7.9 , 4.2 Send data to…Suppose insurance agency services customers who have both a homeowner’s policy and an automobile policy. For each type of policy, a deductible amount must be specified. For an automobile policy, the choices are TZS100 and TZS250, whereas for a homeowner’s policy, the choices are 0, TZS100, and TZS200. Suppose also that an individual is selected at random from the agency’s files. Let X = his deductible amount on the auto policy and Y = his deductible amount on the homeowner’s policy (a) What are the possible (X, Y) pairs? (b) Suppose the joint probability mass function is given by the insurance company in the accompanying joint probability in the following Table Table: Discrete Joint Probability Distribution for X and Y P(x,y) 0 100 200 X 100 0.2 0.10 0.2 250 0.05 0.15 0.3 What is p (100, 100) What is P (Y greater than 100)?