3. A small 25 mm square hole is made in the thin-walled door of a furnace whose inside walls are at 920 K. if the emissivity of the walls is 0.72, calculate the rate at which radiant energy escapes from the furnace through the hole to the room.
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- A long wire 0.7 mm in diameter with an emissivity of 0.9 is placed in a large quiescent air space at 270 K. If the wire is at 800 K, calculate the net rate of heat loss. Discuss your assumptions.1.13 If the outer air temperature in Problem is –2°C, calculate the convection heat transfer coefficient between the outer surface of the window and the air, assuming radiation is negligible.1.26 Repeat Problem 1.25 but assume that the surface of the storage vessel has an absorbance (equal to the emittance) of 0.1. Then determine the rate of evaporation of the liquid oxygen in kilograms per second and pounds per hour, assuming that convection can be neglected. The heat of vaporization of oxygen at –183°C is .
- Three thin sheets of polished aluminum are placed parallel to each other so that the distance between them is very small compared to the size of the sheets. If one of the outer sheets is at 280C and the other outer sheet is at 60C, calculate the temperature of the intermediate sheet and the net rate of heat flow by radiation. Convection can be ignored.1.25 A spherical vessel, 0.3 m in diameter, is located in a large room whose walls are at 27°C (see sketch). If the vessel is used to store liquid oxygen at –183°C and both the surface of the storage vessel and the walls of the room are black, calculate the rate of heat transfer by radiation to the liquid oxygen in watts and in Btu/h.A surface of area 0.5 m², emissivity 0.8 and temperature 150° C is placed in a large, evacuated chamber whose walls are maintained at 25°C. What is the rate at which radiation is emitted by the surface? What is the net rate at which radiation is exchanged between the surface and the chamber walls?
- Two parallel rectangular surfaces 1m x 2m are opposite to each other at adistance of 4 m. The surfaces are black and at 100 °C and 200 °C, respectively.Calculate the heat exchange by radiation between the two surfaces.A greenhouse 20m long and 15m wide has a nearly flat roof 3m above the floor level. When the sun is directly overhead the solar flux is 1,000 W/m^2. If the glass roof has an emissivity of 0.9 and the convective losses are 0.8 times the radiation losses, what is the temperature in the greenhouse?The temperature of a hot gas stream flowing in a duct (90cm) length and (30cm) diameter is to be measured by using a spherical thermocouple junction (2mm) in diameter placed at the center of the duct. The duct wall is at (30 ° C) and the gas stream is at (110 ° C). If the heat is being transferred to the thermocouple at the rate of (560 W / m²) from the gas, and both the thermocouple and the duct are considered black, what will be the reading of the thermocouple?
- A long, horizontal, cylindrical steel reactor, 1 m in diameter, has a surface temperature of 300ºC. The emissivity of the steel is 0.6, and the heat transfer coefficient for natural convection is 5 W m−2 K−1 . Heat is lost by convection to the air at 15ºC, and also by radiation to the surroundings, which can be considered to be a black body at 15ºC. a) Calculate the total heat loss per metre length of the reactor, and the proportions lost by convection and radiation. b) The reactor is then insulated with a thin layer of insulation material to reduce the total heat loss to one-tenth of its original value. This causes the surface temperature of the steel to rise to 400ºC. The thermal conductivity of the insulation is 0.01 W m−1 K−1 , and its surface emissivity is 0.2. Show that the resulting surface temperature of the insulation is about 89ºC, and calculate the thickness of insulation required, stating any assumptions made. can you solve part b please?A long, horizontal, cylindrical steel reactor, 1 m in diameter, has a surface temperature of 300ºC. The emissivity of the steel is 0.6, and the heat transfer coefficient for natural convection is 5 W m−2 K−1 . Heat is lost by convection to the air at 15ºC, and also by radiation to the surroundings, which can be considered to be a black body at 15ºC. a) Calculate the total heat loss per metre length of the reactor, and the proportions lost by convection and radiation b) The reactor is then insulated with a thin layer of insulation material to reduce the total heat loss to one-tenth of its original value. This causes the surface temperature of the steel to rise to 400ºC. The thermal conductivity of the insulation is 0.01 W m−1 K−1 , and its surface emissivity is 0.2. Show that the resulting surface temperature of the insulation is about 89ºC, and calculate the thickness of insulation required, stating any assumptions made. Specifically need help with part bA long electrical conductor of 10 mm diameter is concentric with a refrigerated cylindrical tube of 50 mm diameter whose surface has an emissivity of 0.9 and temperature of 27 °C. The electrical conductor has a surface emissivity of 0.6 and dissipates 6.0 W per meter length. Assuming that the space between the two surfaces is empty, calculate the surface temperature of the conductor.