Number 18 on the attached file.I want a credited question bc I already asked this question and not only was it wrong on the part that they actually did, it was unfinished.So, will you please do this question correctly and completely. Much apprecited. 32CHAPTER1| Introduction to Statistics19. For the following set of scores, find the value of eachexpressiona. Σχb. (ΣΧc Σ(X-1)d. Σ(X-1),who had experienced Tai Chi had less arthritis pain thatthose who had not participated in the course.a. Identify the independent variable for this studyb. What scale of measurement is used for the independent variable?c. Identify the dependent variable for this studyX32d. What scale of measurement is used for the5dependent variable?113. A tax form asks people to identify their annualincome, number of dependents, and social securitynumber. For each of these three variables, identifythe scale of measurement that probably is used andidentify whether the variable is continuous or discrete.20. For the following set of scores, find the value of eachexpression:a. ΣΧb. Σχcc Σ(Χ + 3 ) .X14. Four scales of measurement were introduced in this6chapter: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratioa. What additional information is obtained from-2measurements on an ordinal scale compared to0measurements on a nominal scale?-3b. What additional information is obtained from-1measurements on an interval scale compared tomeasurements on an ordinal scale?21. Two scores, X and Y, are recorded for each of n = 4subjects. For these scores, find the value of eachexpressiona. ΣΧb. ΣΥc. ΣΧΥc. What additional information is obtained from mea-surements on a ratio scale compared to measure-ments on an interval scale?SubjectX15. Knight and Haslam (2010) found that office workers whohad some input into the design of their office space weremore productive and had higher well-being comparedto workers for whom the office design was completelycontrolled by an office manager. For this study, identifythe independent variable and the dependent variable.A340C-152216. Explain why honesty is a hypothetical construct insteadof a concrete variable. Describe how shyness might bemeasured and defined using an operational definition22. Use summation notation to express each of the follow-ing calculationsa. Add the scores and then add then square the sumb. Square each score and then add the squared values.c. Subtract 2 points from each score and then add theresulting valuesd. Subtract 1 point from each score and square theresulting values. Then add the squared values.17. Ford and Torok (2008) found that motivational signswere effective in increasing physical activity on a collegecampus. Signs such as "Step up to a healthier lifestyle"and "An average person burns 10 calories a minute walk-ing up the stairs" were posted by the elevators and stairsin a college building. Students and faculty increased theiruse of the stairs during times that the signs were postedcompared to times when there were no signsa. Identify the independent and dependent variablesfor this studyb. What scale of measurement is used for the independent variable?23. For the following set of scores, find the value of eachexpressiona . Σχεb. (ΣΧ)c Σ(X-3)d. Σ(X-3)*X16218. For the following scores, find the value of eachexpressiona. ΣΧb. ΣΧ.c. ΣΧ+ 1d. Σ(Χ + 1)3X3502

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Number 18 on the attached file.I want a credited question bc I already asked this question and not only was it wrong on the part that they actually did, it was unfinished.So, will you please do this question correctly and completely.  Much apprecited. 32CHAPTER1| Introduction to Statistics19. For the following set of scores, find the value of eachexpressiona. Σχb. (ΣΧc Σ(X-1)d. Σ(X-1),who had experienced Tai Chi had less arthritis pain thatthose who had not participated in the course.a. Identify the independent variable for this studyb. What scale of measurement is used for the independent variable?c. Identify the dependent variable for this studyX32d. What scale of measurement is used for the5dependent variable?113. A tax form asks people to identify their annualincome, number of dependents, and social securitynumber. For each of these three variables, identifythe scale of measurement that probably is used andidentify whether the variable is continuous or discrete.20. For the following set of scores, find the value of eachexpression:a. ΣΧb. Σχcc Σ(Χ + 3 ) .X14. Four scales of measurement were introduced in this6chapter: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratioa. What additional information is obtained from-2measurements on an ordinal scale compared to0measurements on a nominal scale?-3b. What additional information is obtained from-1measurements on an interval scale compared tomeasurements on an ordinal scale?21. Two scores, X and Y, are recorded for each of n = 4subjects. For these scores, find the value of eachexpressiona. ΣΧb. ΣΥc. ΣΧΥc. What additional information is obtained from mea-surements on a ratio scale compared to measure-ments on an interval scale?SubjectX15. Knight and Haslam (2010) found that office workers whohad some input into the design of their office space weremore productive and had higher well-being comparedto workers for whom the office design was completelycontrolled by an office manager. For this study, identifythe independent variable and the dependent variable.A340C-152216. Explain why honesty is a hypothetical construct insteadof a concrete variable. Describe how shyness might bemeasured and defined using an operational definition22. Use summation notation to express each of the follow-ing calculationsa. Add the scores and then add then square the sumb. Square each score and then add the squared values.c. Subtract 2 points from each score and then add theresulting valuesd. Subtract 1 point from each score and square theresulting values. Then add the squared values.17. Ford and Torok (2008) found that motivational signswere effective in increasing physical activity on a collegecampus. Signs such as &#34;Step up to a healthier lifestyle&#34;and &#34;An average person burns 10 calories a minute walk-ing up the stairs&#34; were posted by the elevators and stairsin a college building. Students and faculty increased theiruse of the stairs during times that the signs were postedcompared to times when there were no signsa. Identify the independent and dependent variablesfor this studyb. What scale of measurement is used for the independent variable?23. For the following set of scores, find the value of eachexpressiona . Σχεb. (ΣΧ)c Σ(X-3)d. Σ(X-3)*X16218. For the following scores, find the value of eachexpressiona. ΣΧb. ΣΧ.c. ΣΧ+ 1d. Σ(Χ + 1)3X3502

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