38. Another series of nuclear reactions that can produce energy QC in the interior of stars is the carbon cycle first proposed by Hans Bethe in 1939, leading to his Nobel Prize in Physics in 1967. This cycle is most efficient when the central tempera- ture in a star is above 1.6 X 107 K. Because the temperature at the center of the Sun is only 1.5 X 107 K, the following cycle produces less than 10% of the Sun's energy. (a) A high-energy proton is absorbed by 12C. Another nucleus, A, is produced in the reaction, along with a gamma ray Identify nucleus A. (b) Nucleus A decays through positron emission to form nucleus B. Identify nucleus B. (c) Nucleus B absorbs a proton to produce nucleus Cand a gamma ray Identify nucleus C. (d) Nucleus C absorbs a proton to pro- duce nucleus D and a gamma ray. Identify nucleus D. (e) Nucleus D decays through positron emission to produce nucleus E. Identify nucleus E. (f) Nucleus E absorbs a pro- ton to produce nucleus F plus an alpha particle. Identiry nucleus F. (g) What is the significance of the final nucleus in the last step of the cycle outlined in part (f)

38. Another series of nuclear reactions that can produce energy QC in the interior of stars is the carbon cycle first proposed by Hans Bethe in 1939, leading to his Nobel Prize in Physics in 1967. This cycle is most efficient when the central tempera- ture in a star is above 1.6 X 107 K. Because the temperature at the center of the Sun is only 1.5 X 107 K, the following cycle produces less than 10% of the Sun's energy. (a) A high-energy proton is absorbed by 12C. Another nucleus, A, is produced in the reaction, along with a gamma ray Identify nucleus A. (b) Nucleus A decays through positron emission to form nucleus B. Identify nucleus B. (c) Nucleus B absorbs a proton to produce nucleus Cand a gamma ray Identify nucleus C. (d) Nucleus C absorbs a proton to pro- duce nucleus D and a gamma ray. Identify nucleus D. (e) Nucleus D decays through positron emission to produce nucleus E. Identify nucleus E. (f) Nucleus E absorbs a pro- ton to produce nucleus F plus an alpha particle. Identiry nucleus F. (g) What is the significance of the final nucleus in the last step of the cycle outlined in part (f)

Inquiry into Physics

8th Edition

ISBN:9781337515863

Author:Ostdiek

Publisher:Ostdiek

Chapter11: Nuclear Physics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 11P

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The theory of special relativity explains the connection between space and time to objects that move in a straight line at a constant speed. The objects move at the speed of light. When an object approaches light speed, its mass is endless and cannot move faster than light. The most crucial postulate of Einstein's special relativity is that the laws of nature do not change in each frame of reference.

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38. Another series of nuclear reactions that can produce energy
QC in the interior of stars is the carbon cycle first proposed by
Hans Bethe in 1939, leading to his Nobel Prize in Physics in
1967. This cycle is most efficient when the central tempera-
ture in a star is above 1.6 X 107 K. Because the temperature
at the center of the Sun is only 1.5 X 107 K, the following

cycle produces less than 10% of the Sun's energy. (a) A
high-energy proton is absorbed by 12C. Another nucleus,
A, is produced in the reaction, along with a gamma ray
Identify nucleus A. (b) Nucleus A decays through positron
emission to form nucleus B. Identify nucleus B. (c) Nucleus
B absorbs a proton to produce nucleus Cand a gamma ray
Identify nucleus C. (d) Nucleus C absorbs a proton to pro-
duce nucleus D and a gamma ray. Identify nucleus D. (e)
Nucleus D decays through positron emission to produce
nucleus E. Identify nucleus E. (f) Nucleus E absorbs a pro-
ton to produce nucleus F plus an alpha particle. Identiry
nucleus F. (g) What is the significance of the final nucleus
in the last step of the cycle outlined in part (f)

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