4. Select all that is considered spontaneous a. Cleaning your room b. A piece of bread molding after being left out in the sun c. A bomb exploding d. Pushing a ball up a ramp e. Ice melting f. Frying an egg g. Putting together a puzzle

4. Select all that is considered spontaneous a. Cleaning your room b. A piece of bread molding after being left out in the sun c. A bomb exploding d. Pushing a ball up a ramp e. Ice melting f. Frying an egg g. Putting together a puzzle

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter17: Spontaneity, Entropy, And Free Energy

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define the following: a. spontaneous process b. entropy c. positional probability d. system e....

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Question

4. Select all that is considered spontaneous
a. Cleaning your room
b. A piece of bread molding after being left out in the sun
c. A bomb exploding
d. Pushing a ball up a ramp
e. Ice melting
f. Frying an egg
g. Putting together a puzzle

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Limestone is predominantly CaCO3, which can undergo the reaction CaCO3(s)CaO(s)+CO2(g). We know from experience that this reaction is not spontaneous, yet S for the reaction is positive. How can the second law of thermodynamics explain that this reaction is not spontaneous?
On the basis of your experience, predict which of the following reactions are spontaneous. (a) CO2(s)CO2(g) at 25°C (b) NaCl(s)NaCl(l) at 25°C (c) 2NaCl(s)2Na(s)+Cl2(g) (d) CO2(g)C(s)+O2(g)
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What happens to the entropy of the universe during a spontaneous process?
There is another free energy state function, the Helmholtz free energy (A), defined as A = E — TS. Comparing this to the definition of G, we see that internal energy has replaced enthalpy in the definition. Under what conditions would this free energy tell us whether or not a process is spontaneous?
10.51 The combustion of acetylene was used in welder's torches for many years because it produces a very hot flame: C2H2(g)+52O2(g)2CO2(g)+H2O(g) H= -1255.5 kJ (a) Use data in Appendix E to calculate S for this reaction, (b) Calculate G and show that the reaction is spontaneous at 25°C. (c) Ls there any temperature range in which this reaction is not spontaneous? (d) Do you think you could use Equation 10.4 to calculate such a temperature range reliably? Explain your answer.
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Identify each of the processes listed as spontaneous or non-spontaneous. For each non spontaneous process, describe the corresponding spontaneous process in the opposite direction. (a) Oxygen molecules dissociate to form oxygen atoms. (b) A tray of water is placed in the sun on a warm day and freezes. (c) A solution of salt water forms a layer of acid on top of a layer of base. (d) Silver nitrate is added to a solution of sodium chloride and a precipitate forms. (e) Sulfuric acid sitting in a beaker turns into water by giving off gaseous SO3.
What is entropy? Why is entropy important?