4. Use appropriate bond energies to predict whether the reaction in which ethylene forms polyethylene plastic is exothermic, endothermic, or involves no change in enthalpy. The reaction can be written: n CH;-CH; [-CH; CH;. Where the structure in the brackets is the repeating unit of polyethylene and the value of n is typically in the thousands
Reactive Intermediates
In chemistry, reactive intermediates are termed as short-lived, highly reactive atoms with high energy. They rapidly transform into stable particles during a chemical reaction. In specific cases, by means of matrix isolation and at low-temperature reactive intermediates can be isolated.
Hydride Shift
A hydride shift is a rearrangement of a hydrogen atom in a carbocation that occurs to make the molecule more stable. In organic chemistry, rearrangement of the carbocation is very easily seen. This rearrangement can be because of the movement of a carbocation to attain stability in the compound. Such structural reorganization movement is called a shift within molecules. After the shifting of carbocation over the different carbon then they form structural isomers of the previous existing molecule.
Vinylic Carbocation
A carbocation where the positive charge is on the alkene carbon is known as the vinyl carbocation or vinyl cation. The empirical formula for vinyl cation is C2H3+. In the vinyl carbocation, the positive charge is on the carbon atom with the double bond therefore it is sp hybridized. It is known to be a part of various reactions, for example, electrophilic addition of alkynes and solvolysis as well. It plays the role of a reactive intermediate in these reactions.
Cycloheptatrienyl Cation
It is an aromatic carbocation having a general formula, [C7 H7]+. It is also known as the aromatic tropylium ion. Its name is derived from the molecule tropine, which is a seven membered carbon atom ring. Cycloheptatriene or tropylidene was first synthesized from tropine.
Stability of Vinyl Carbocation
Carbocations are positively charged carbon atoms. It is also known as a carbonium ion.
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![4. Use appropriate bond energies to predict whether the reaction in which ethylene forms
polyethylene plastic is exothermic, endothermic, or involves no change in enthalpy. The reaction
can be written:
n CH2-CH; [-CH;-CH;].
Where the structure in the brackets is the repeating unit of polyethylene and the value of n is
typically in the thousands](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fb252c589-bed0-49c4-aa13-8408b3e3678a%2F4079668d-4800-4452-87bb-506dcfef770d%2Fndksvlr_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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