4.5 4.0 - 3.5 Cancers 3.0 - Respiratory and digestive diseases 12.6% Infectious 2.5 - diseases Maternal and perinatal conditions 10.3% 23.4% 2.0 - 6.3% 1.5- Cardiovascular diseases 1.0 - 9.8% 29.0% Injuries - 8.6% 0.5 Other Respiratory Diarrheal infections diseases (influenza, pneumonia, etc.) TB Malaria Childhood diseases (measles, pertussis, tetanus, etc.) AIDS (a) Leading causes of death across the world (b) Leading causes of death by infectious diseases Annual deaths (millions)
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AIDS is a well-known infectious disease, but respiratory and diarrheal diseases claim far more lives every year than AIDS. According to the figure, how many times more lives were lost to respiratory infections and diarrheal diseases than to AIDS?
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- 69. An epidemic curve is constructed mainly by:I. Plotting the time on the x axisII. Plotting the time on the y axisIII. Plotting the number of new cases on the x axisIV. Plotting the number of new cases on the y axis A. I AND IV B. I, AND III C. II AND III D. II AND IVWhich of the following is false about disease burden? a.The burden of disease globally has shifted increasingly toward noncommunicable diseases b.The years of life lost due to diabetes has been increasing c.The years of life lost due to premature death of children has been decreasing d. The burden of disease globally has shifted increasingly toward communicable diseases78. A food-borne outbreak of gastroenteritis is being investigated. Which of the following concerns is the priorityfor a microbiologist?A. Gastroenteritis may be caused by several bacterial and viral pathogens.B. General food safety measures may have been violated during preparation.C. Several food sources may have been shared by the affected individuals.D. Symptoms of gastroenteritis may include diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting.79. An outbreak of dengue fever is to be investigated. Which of the following descriptive epidemiologyconsiderations is the most appropriate and urgent starting point for the investigation?A. AGENT – detection of Plasmodium(+) mosquitoesB. PERSON – age and sex distribution of casesC. PLACE – clustering of cases within a certain areaD. TIME – analysis of cases over a ten-year period