4.9 In this exercise, we examine how data dependences affect execution in thebasic 5-stage pipeline described in Section 4.5. Problems in this exercise refer to thefollowing sequence of instructions:or r1,r2,r3or r2,r1,r4or r1,r1,r2Also, assume the following cycle times for each of the options related to forwarding:Without ForwardingWith Full ForwardingWith ALU-ALU Forwarding Only250ps300ps290ps1.9.1 [10] <$4.5> Indicate dependences and their type.4.9.2 [10] <$4.5> Assume there is no forwarding in this pipelined processor.Indicate hazards and add nop instructions to eliminate them.4.9.3 [10] <$4.5> Assume there is full forwarding. Indicate hazards and add NOPinstructions to eliminate them.4.9.4 [10] <$4.5> What is the total execution time of this instruction sequencewithout forwarding and with full forwarding? What is the speedup achieved byadding full forwarding to a pipeline that had no forwarding?

4.9.1 INSTRUCTION SEQUENCE DEPENDENCES I1: or r1, r2, r3 RAW on R1 from I1 to I2 and I3 I2:…

Answered: 4.9 In this exercise, we examine how…

Database System Concepts

7th Edition

ISBN:9780078022159

Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Publisher:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Chapter1: Introduction

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1PE

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In this exercise, we examine how data dependences aff ect execution in the basic 5-stage pipeline. Problems in this exercise refer to the following sequence of instructions:or r1,r2,r3or r2,r1,r4or r1,r1,r2Also, assume the following cycle times for each of the options related to forwarding: Without Forwarding With Full Forwarding With ALU-ALU Forwarding Only 250ps 300ps 290ps Indicate dependences and their type.Assume there is no forwarding in this pipelined processor. Indicate hazards and add nop instructions to eliminate them.Assume there is full forwarding. Indicate hazards and add NOP instructions to eliminate them.What is the total execution time of this instruction sequence without forwarding and with full forwarding? What is the speedup achieved by adding full forwarding to a pipeline that had no forwarding?Add nop instructions to this code to eliminate hazards if there is ALU-ALU forwarding only (no forwarding from the MEM to the EX stage).What is the total execution…
4.19.16: [5] <COD §4.6>. In this exercise, we examine how pipelining affects the clock cycle time of the processor. Problems in this exercise assume that individual stages of the datapath have the following latencies: Also, assume that instructions executed by the processor are broken down as follows: (a) What is the clock cycle time in a pipelined and non-pipelined processor? (b) What is the total latency of an lw instruction in a pipelined and non-pipelined processor? (c) If we can split one stage of the pipelined datapath into two new stages, each with half the latency of the original stage, which stage would you split and what is the new clock cycle time of the processor? (d) Assuming there are no stalls or hazards, what is the utilization of the data memory? (e) Assuming there are no stalls or hazards, what is the utilization of the write-register port of the "Registers" unit? No hand written and fast answer with explanation
In this exercise, we examine how resource hazards, control hazards, and Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) design can affect pipelined execution. Problems in this exercise refer to the following fragment of MIPS code: sw r16,12(r6)lw r16,8(r6)beq r5,r4,Label # Assume r5!=r4add r5,r1,r4slt r5,r15,r4 Assume that individual pipeline stages have the following latencies: IF ID EX MEM WB200ps 120ps 150ps 190ps 100ps 1.1, For this problem, assume that all branches are perfectly predicted (this eliminates all control hazards) and that no delay slots are used. If we only have one memory (for both instructions and data), there is a structural hazard every time we need to fetch an instruction in the same cycle in which another instruction accesses data. To guarantee forward progress, this hazard must always be resolved in favor of the instruction that accesses data. What is the total execution time of this instruction sequence in the 5-stage pipeline that only…
I ONLY NEED 3 AND 4 Suppose memory has 256KB, OS use low address 20KB, there is one program sequence: Prog1 request 80KB, prog2 request 16KB, Prog3 request 140KB Prog1 finish, Prog3 finish; Prog4 request 80KB, Prog5 request 120kb Use first match and best match to deal with this sequence (from high address when allocated) (1)Draw allocation state when prog1,2,3 are loaded into memory? (2)Draw allocation state when prog1, 3 finish? (3)use these two algorithms to draw the structure of free queue after prog1 , 3 finish (4) Which algorithm is suitable for this sequence ? Describe the allocation process?
In this exercise, we examine how resource hazards, control hazards, and Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) design can affect pipelined execution. Problems in this exercise refer to the following fragment of MIPS code: sw r16,12(r6) lw r16,8(r6) beq r5,r4,Label # Assume r5!=r4 add r5,r1,r4 Assume that individual pipeline stages have the following latencies: IF ID EX MEM WB 200ps 120ps 150ps 190ps 100ps a. For this problem, assume that all branches are perfectly predicted (this eliminates all control hazards) and that no delay slots are used. If we only have one memory (for both instructions and data), there is a structural hazard every time we need to fetch an instruction in the same cycle in which another instruction accesses data. To guarantee forward progress, this hazard must always be resolved in favor of the instruction that accesses data. What is the total execution time of this instruction sequence in the 5-stage pipeline that…
10. Consider the following code: .386 .model flat, stdcall .stack 4096 ExitProcess PROTO, dwExitCode : DWORD .data aVal SDWORD -6 bVal SWORD 19h cVal DWORD 17h .code mov edx, aVal add edx, edx mov eax, 0FFFFFFFFh mov ax, bVal sub edx, eax Show the content of edx and eax after executing each instruction in Hexadecima
I need help with the following question below. This exercise will help you understand the cost/complexity/performance tradeoffs of forwarding in a pipelined processor. Problems in this exercise refer to pipelined datapaths from Figure 4.45. These problems assume that, of all the instructions executed in a processor, the following fraction has a particular type of RAW data dependence. The type of RAW data dependence is identified by the stage that produces the result (EX or MEM) and the instruction that consumes the result (1st instruction that follows the one that produces the result, 2nd instruction that follows, or both). We assume that the register write is done in the first half of the clock cycle and that register reads are done in the second half of the cycle, so “EX to 3rd” and “MEM to 3rd” dependences are not counted because they cannot result in data hazards. Also, assume that the CPI of the processor is 1 if there are no data hazards. EX to 1st only MEM to 1st only EX to…
Consider the code sequence below lw $t1, 4($t0) add $s2, $t1, $t2 lw $t3, 16($t0) add $s3, $t3, $t2 lw $t4, 28($t0) add $s4, $t4, $t2 Suppose there is no forwarding allowed, and for the result of a lw to be consumed by the following R-type of instruction requires 2 bubbles to be placed between the two instructions. Is it possible for the scheduler to juxtapose the commands in such a way that there is no need for any bubbles? If yes, give an example of how it can be done.
We will explore the impact of cache capacity on performance, focusing exclusively on the data cache and excluding instruction storage in the caches. Cache access time is directly linked to its capacity. For the sake of simplicity, let's assume that accessing the main memory takes 100ns, and in a specific program, 50% of instructions involve data access. Two distinct processors, denoted as P1 and P2, are engaged in executing this program. Each processor is equipped with its own L1 cache. L1 size L1 Miss Rate L1 Hit Time P1 64 KB 3.6% 1.26 ns P2 128 KB 3.1% 2.17ns (a) What is the AMAT for P1 and P2 assuming no other levels of cache?
In this exercise we examine in detail how an instruction is executed in a single-cycle datapath. Problems in this exercise refer to a clock cycle in which theprocessor fetches the following instruction word: 10101100100001010000000000011100 Assume that the data memory is all zeros and that the processor’s registers havethe following values at the beginning of the cycle in which the above instructionword is fetched: R0 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R8 R12 R31 0 2 4 6 13 10 12 16 24 31 a. What are the outputs of the sign-extend and the jump “Shift-Left-2” (near the topof the following Figure) for this instruction word? (Pic3) b. What are the values of ALU control unit’s inputs (ALUOp and Instruction[5-0])for this instruction? c. What is the new PC address after this instruction is executed? Highlight the paththrough which this value is determined. d. For the ALU and the two add units, what are their data input values? ALU Add (PC+4) Add…
In the examination of how data dependences affect execution in the basic 5-stage pipeline, this exercise refers to the following sequence of instructions: or r1,r2,r3 or r2,r1,r4 or r1,r1,r2 Also, assume the following cycle times for each of the options related to forwarding: Assume there is no forwarding in this pipelined processor. Indicate hazards and add nop instructions to eliminate them. Assume there is full forwarding. Indicate hazards and add NOP instructions to eliminate them. What is the total execution time of this instruction sequence without forwarding and with full forwarding?
In this exercise we compare the performance of 1-issue and 2-issue processors, taking into account program transformations that can be made to optimize for 2-issue execution. Problems in this exercise refer to the following loop(written in C):for(i=0;i!=j;i+=2)b[i]=a[i]–a[i+1];When writing MIPS code, assume that variables are kept in registers as follows, and that all registers except those indicated as Free are used to keep various variables, so they cannot be used for anything else. i j a b c Free R5 R6 R1 R2 R3 R10,R11,R12 Translate this C code into MIPS instructions. Your translation should be direct, without rearranging instructions to achieve better performance.

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