42. Answer (a) for TRUE or (b) forC3a and C5b are anaphylatoxins.43. Answer (a) for TRUE or (b) for FALSE to the following statement:onC3 and C5 convertases are generated from all complement pathways.44. Answer (a) for TRUE or (b) for FALSE to the following statement:While the Clq protein starts the classical pathway, the complement MBL protein starts thepathway.45. Answer (a) for TRUE or (b) for FALSE to the following statementMHC-II can present to CD8+ T cells and can be loaded with 13 amino acids46. Regarding the figure below, choose (a) for tissue rejection or (b) for NO tissuerejection:Recipient haplotypeDonor haplotypeHost BHost AxBC244

Since we are entitled to answer only 1 question. We’ll answer the first question as you have not…

Answered: 42. Answer (a) for TRUE or (b) for C3a…

Human Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305112100

Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan

Chapter9: Immunity And Disease

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2SQ: Complement proteins function in defense by _______. a. neutralizing toxins b. enhancing resident...

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488. Which of the following statements is NOT correct about the complement? A. The alternative route requires the function of factor D b. The classical pathway is a link between innate and adaptive immunity. c. The C1 protein is proteolytically cleaved into C1q, C1r, and C15 fragments. d. MASP proteins act in the lectin pathway
1. ___ , including mast cells, eosinophils, basophils, and ___ , respond to multiple extracellular pathogens, including bacteria and parasitic worms. (a)Agranulocytes; neutrophils (b)Granulocytes; neutrophils (c)Granulocytes; monocytes (d)Agranulocytes; monocytes 2. Which is a mechanism by which type I interferons "interfere" with the production of new viral particles? (A) By inducing production of ribonuclease enzymes that destroy viral RNA. (b) By blocking viral particles from entering a cell. (C) By activating macrophages that destroy viral particles. (D) By stimulating the differentiation of cytotoxic T cells
Describe briefly the three effector functions of complement activation that result from the initial event of complement protein binding to peptidoglycans or LPS
What are 3 functions of the classical complement pathway
What is the only known effect of deficiencies in complement components C5–C9? Explain this effect.
Which of these statements about complement proteins C3a and C5a is false?a. They are released during the complement fixation process.b. They stimulate chemotaxis of phagocytic cells.c. They promote the activity of phagocytic cells.d.They produce pores in the victim plasma membrane.
1.A given B cell expresses only maternally or paternally derived heavy chains but never both. This observation is the result of A. antibodydiversity.B. isotypeswitching.C. allelicexclusion.D. affinitymaturation.E. randomVJgenerearrangement. 2.Which of the following antibody classes or isotypes facilitate the sequential binding of the C1, C4, C2, and C3 components of the complement system? A. IgAandIgD B. IgAandIgE C. IgDandIgM D. IgE and IgG E. IgMandIgG
In your own personal understanding, why are complements important in cellular and humoral mediated immunity? please answer in a minimum of 5 sentences.
Opsonization of pathogens by both antibodies and complement proteins (C3b) leads to uptake and destruction of the pathogen by phagocytic cells that express both Fc receptors and complement receptors. Which of the following in the figure below is the most efficient form of dual opsonization of the pathogen by antibody and C3b to maximize phagocytosis?
The classical complement pathway is initiated by C1q binding to the surface of a pathogen. In some cases, C1q can directly bind the pathogen, for instance by recognizing proteins of bacterial cell walls, but in most cases C1q binds to IgM antibodies that are bound to the pathogen surface. How does this IgM-binding feature of C1q contribute to rapid, innate immune responses rather than to slow, adaptive responses? C1q induces B lymphocytes to begin secreting antibody within hours of pathogen exposure. Natural antibody that binds to many microbial pathogens is produced prior to pathogen exposure. C1q binds to C-reactive protein which then binds to IgM on the pathogen surface. C1q directly induces inflammation, recruiting phagocytes and antibodies from the blood into the infected tissue. C1q binds to dendritic cells in the infected tissue, inducing them to secrete inflammatory cytokines.
Which pathway of complement activation is depicted in this figure?
Explain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect. All of the following are true of the classical pathway of complement activation EXCEPT one. Select the one answer that does NOT describe the classical pathway of complement activation. a. It is an example of overlap between innate and adaptive immune function. b. It requires that circulating antibodies are bound to antigens. c. Classical activation will result in enhanced inflammation, opsonization as well as formation of MAC proteins. d. It activates T helper cells by presenting antigen to them.

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