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- Identify the intermediates (A–C) in the following reaction sequence, which was used to prepare racemic ooxacin. One enantiomer of the product, levooxacin, is an antibiotic used to treat severe bacterial infections that have not responded to other drugs.(R)-Carvone, the major component of the oil of spearmint, undergoesacid-catalyzed isomerization to carvacrol, a major component of the oilof thyme. Draw a stepwise mechanism and explain why thisisomerization occurs.Draw all constitutional isomers formed in each E2 reaction, and predict the major product using the Zaitsev rule.
- What alkene is required to synthesize each of the following compounds? b. What other epoxide is formed in each synthesis? c. Assign an R or S configuration to each asymmetric center.Draw a stepwise mechanism for the following reaction, a key step in the synthesis of vernakalant, a drug approved in Europe in 2010 for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. Pure B was separated from a mixture of diastereomers. Your mechanism must explain the trans stereochemistry of the two substituents on the six-membered ring.One step in the synthesis of the antihistamine fexofenadine (Section 23.5) involves acid-catalyzed hydration of the triple bond in A. Draw a stepwise mechanism for this reaction and explain why only ketone B is formed.
- (a) What product is formed by the Claisen rearrangement of compound Z? (b) Using what you have learned about ring-closing metathesis in Chapter 24, draw the product formed when the product in part (a) is treated with Grubbs catalyst. These two reactions are key steps in the synthesis of garsubellin A, a biologically active natural product that stimulates the synthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Compounds of this sort may prove to be useful drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.Identify the missing reagents a-f in the following scheme:Identify the reagents represented by the letters a-e in the following scheme:
- Provide the missing starting material, reactant or product. Show appropriate stereochemistry. a) b)Draw the major product (with stereochemistry) of the following reaction. Draw only one enantiomer for a racemic mixture.Addition of HCl to alkene X forms two alkyl halides Y and Z. (A) Label Y and Z as a kinetic or thermodynamic product and explain why. (B) Explain why the addition of HCl occurs at the exocyclic C=C, rather than the other C=C