Chemistry 10th Edition
ISBN: 9781305957404
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
1 Chemical Foundations 2 Atoms, Molecules, And Ions 3 Stoichiometry 4 Types Of Chemical Reactions And Solution Stoichiometry 5 Gases 6 Thermochemistry 7 Atomic Structure And Periodicity 8 Bonding: General Concepts 9 Covalent Bonding: Orbitals 10 Liquids And Solids 11 Properties Of Solutions 12 Chemical Kinetics 13 Chemical Equilibrium 14 Acids And Bases 15 Acid-base Equilibria 16 Solubility And Complex Ion Equilibria 17 Spontaneity, Entropy, And Free Energy 18 Electrochemistry 19 The Nucleus: A Chemist's View 20 The Representative Elements 21 Transition Metals And Coordination Chemistry 22 Organic And Biological Molecules Chapter12: Chemical Kinetics
Chapter Questions Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define reaction rate. Distinguish between the initial rate, average rate, and instantaneous rate of... Problem 2RQ: Distinguish between the differential rate law and the integrated rate law. Which of these is often... Problem 3RQ: One experimental procedure that can be used to determine the rate law of a reaction is the method of... Problem 4RQ: The initial rate for a reaction is equal to the slope of the tangent line at t 0 in a plot of [A]... Problem 5RQ: Consider the zero-, first-, and second-order integrated rate laws. If you have concentration versus... Problem 6RQ: Derive expressions for the half-life of zero-, first-, and second-order reactions using the... Problem 7RQ Problem 8RQ: What two requirements must be met to call a mechanism plausible? Why say a plausible mechanism... Problem 9RQ Problem 10RQ: Give the Arrhenius equation. Take the natural log of both sides and place this equation in the form... Problem 11RQ: Why does a catalyst increase the rate of a reaction? What is the difference between a homogeneous... Problem 1ALQ: Define stability from both a kinetic and thermodynamic perspective. Give examples to show the... Problem 2ALQ: Describe at least two experiments you could perform to determine a rate law. Problem 3ALQ: Make a graph of [A] versus time for zero-, first-, and second-order reactions. From these graphs,... Problem 4ALQ: How does temperature affect k, the rate constant? Explain. Problem 5ALQ: Consider the following statements: In general, the rate of a chemical reaction increases a bit at... Problem 6ALQ: For the reaction A+BC, explain at least two ways in which the rate law could be zero order in... Problem 7ALQ: A friend of yours states, A balanced equation tells us how chemicals interact. Therefore, we can... Problem 8ALQ: Provide a conceptual rationale for the differences in the half-lives of zero-, first-, and... Problem 9ALQ: The rate constant (k) depends on which of the following (there may be more than one answer)? a. the... Problem 10Q: Table 11-2 illustrates how the average rate of a reaction decreases with time. Why does the average... Problem 11Q: The rate law for a reaction can be determined only from experiment and not from the balanced... Problem 12Q: The plot below shows the number of collisions with a particular energy for two different... Problem 13Q: For the reaction O2(g)+2NO(g)2NO2(g) the observed rate law is Rate=k[NO]2[O2] Which of the changes... Problem 14Q: Each of the statements given below is false. Explain why. a. The activation energy of a reaction... Problem 15Q: Define what is meant by unimolecular and bimolecular steps. Why are termolecular steps infrequently... Problem 16Q: The type of rate law for a reaction, either the differential rate law or the integrated rate law, is... Problem 17Q: The initial rate of a reaction doubles as the concentration of one of the reactants is quadrupled.... Problem 18Q: Hydrogen reacts explosively with oxygen. However, a mixture of H2 and O2 can exist indefinitely at... Problem 19Q: The central idea of the collision model is that molecules must collide in order to react. Give two... Problem 20Q: Consider the following energy plots for a chemical reaction when answering the questions below. a.... Problem 21Q Problem 22Q Problem 23Q: The combustion of carbohydrates and the combustion of fats are both exothermic processes, yet the... Problem 24Q: Would the slope of a ln(k) versus 1/T plot (with temperature in kelvin) for a catalyzed reaction be... Problem 25E: Consider the reaction 4PH3(g)P4(g)+6H2(g) If, in a certain experiment, over a specific time period,... Problem 26E: In the Haber process for the production of ammonia, N2(g)+3H2(g)2NH3(g) what is the relationship... Problem 27E: At 40C, H2O2 (aq) will decompose according to the following reaction: 2H2O2(aq)2H2O(l)+O2(g) The... Problem 28E: Consider the general reaction aA+bBcC and the following average rate data over some time period t:... Problem 29E: What are the units for each of the following if the concentrations are expressed in moles per liter... Problem 30E: The rate law for the reaction Cl2(g)+CHCl3(g)HCl(g)+CCl4(g) is Rate=k[Cl2]1/2[CHCl3] What are the... Problem 31E: The reaction 2NO(g)+Cl2(g)2NOCl(g) was studied at 10C. The following results were obtained where... Problem 32E: The reaction 2I-(aq)+S2O82-(aq)I2(aq)+2SO42-(aq) was studied at 25C. The following results were... Problem 33E: The decomposition of nitrosyl chloride was studied: 2NOCl(g) 2NO(g) + Cl2(g) The following data... Problem 34E: The following data were obtained for the gas-phase decomposition of dinitrogen pentoxide,... Problem 35E: The reaction I(aq)+OCl(aq)IO(aq)+Cl(aq) was studied, and the following data were obtained:... Problem 36E: The reaction 2NO(g)+O2(g)2NO2(g) was studied. and the following data were obtained where Rate=[O2]t... Problem 37E: The rote of the reaction between hemoglobin (Hb) and carbon monoxide (CO) was studied at 20C. The... Problem 38E: The following data were obtained for the reaction 2ClO2(aq)+2OH(aq)ClO3(aq)+ClO2(aq)+H2O(l)... Problem 39E: The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide was studied, and the following data were obtained at a... Problem 40E: A certain reaction has the following general form: aAbB At a particular temperature and [A]0 = 2.00 ... Problem 41E: The rate of the reaction NO2(g)+CO(g)NO(g)+CO2(g) depends only on the concentration of nitrogen... Problem 42E: A certain reaction has the following general form: aAbB At a particular temperature and [A]0 = 2.80 ... Problem 43E: The decomposition of ethanol (C2H5OH) on an alumina (Al2O3) surface C2H5OH(g)C2H4(g)+H2O(g) was... Problem 44E: At 500 K in the presence of a copper surface, ethanol decomposes according to the equation... Problem 45E: The dimerization of butadiene 2C4H6(g)C8H12(g) was studied at 500. K, and the following data were... Problem 46E: The rate of the reaction O(g)+NO2(g)NO(g)+O2(g) was studied at a certain temperature. a. In one... Problem 47E: Experimental data for the reaction A2B+C have been plotted in the following three different ways... Problem 48E Problem 49E: The reaction AB+C is known to be zero order in A and to have a rate constant of 5.0 102 mol/L s at... Problem 50E: The decomposition of hydrogen iodide on finely divided gold at 150C is zero order with respect to... Problem 51E Problem 52E: A first-order reaction is 75.0% complete in 320. s. a. What are the first and second half-lives for... Problem 53E: The rate law for the decomposition of phosphine (PH3) is Rate=[PH3]t=k[PH3] It takes 120. s for 1.00... Problem 54E: DDT (molar mass = 354.49 g/mol) was a widely used insecticide that was banned from use in the United... Problem 56E: The rate law for the reaction 2NOBr(g)2NO(g)+Br2(g) at some temperature is Rate=[NOBr]t=k[NOBr]2 a.... Problem 57E Problem 58E: Theophylline is a pharmaceutical drug that is sometimes used to help with lung function. You observe... Problem 59E: You and a coworker have developed a molecule thathas shown potential as cobra antivenin (AV). This... Problem 60E: Consider the hypothetical reaction A+B+2C2D+3E where the rate law is Rate=[A]t=k[A][B]2 An... Problem 61E: Write the rate laws for the following elementary reactions. a. CH3NC(g) CH3CN(g) b. O3(g) + NO(g) ... Problem 62E: A possible mechanism for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is H2O22OHH2O2+OHH2O+HO2HO2+OHH2O+O2... Problem 63E: A proposed mechanism for a reaction is... Problem 64E: The mechanism for the gas-phase reaction of nitrogen dioxide with carbon monoxide to form nitric... Problem 65E: Is the mechanism NO+Cl2l1NOCl2NOCl2+NOl22NOCl consistent with the results obtained in Exercise 31?... Problem 66E: The reaction 2NO(g) + O2(g) 2NO2(g) exhibits the rate law Rate = k[NO]2[O2] Which of the following... Problem 67E: For the following reaction profile, indicate a. the positions of reactants and products. b. the... Problem 68E: Draw a rough sketch of the energy profile for each of the following cases: a. E = + 10 kJ/mol, Ea =... Problem 69E: The activation energy for the reaction NO2(g)+CO(g)NO(g)+CO2(g) is 125 kJ/mol, and E for the... Problem 70E: The activation energy for some reaction X2(g)+Y2(g)2XY(g) is 167 kJ/mol, and E for the reaction is +... Problem 71E: The rate constant for the gas-phase decomposition of N2O5, N2O52NO2+12O2 has the following... Problem 72E: The reaction (CH3)3CBr+OH(CH3)3COH+Br in a certain solvent is first order with respect to (CH3)3CBr... Problem 73E: The activation energy for the decomposition of HI(g) to H2(g) and I2(g) is 186 kJ/mol. The rate... Problem 74E: A first-order reaction has rate constants of 4.6 102 s1 and 8.1 102 s1 at 0C and 20.C,... Problem 75E: A certain reaction has an activation energy of 54.0 kJ/mol. As the temperature is increased from 22C... Problem 76E Problem 77E: Which of the following reactions would you expect to proceed at a faster rate at room temperature?... Problem 78E Problem 79E: One mechanism for the destruction of ozone in the upper atmosphere is a. Which species is a... Problem 80E: One of the concerns about the use of Freons is that they will migrate to the upper atmosphere, where... Problem 81E: Assuming that the mechanism for the hydrogenation of C2H4 given in Section 11-7 is correct, would... Problem 82E: The decomposition of NH3 to N2 and H2 was studied on two surfaces: Surface Ea (kJ/mol) W 163 Os 197... Problem 83E: The decomposition of many substances on the surface of a heterogeneous catalyst shows the following... Problem 84E Problem 85E: A popular chemical demonstration is the magic genie procedure, in which hydrogen peroxide decomposes... Problem 86E Problem 87AE: Consider the following representation of the reaction 2NO2(g) 2NO(g) + O2(g). Determine the time... Problem 88AE: The reaction H2SeO3(aq) + 6I-(aq) + 4H+(aq) Se(s) + 2I-3(aq) + 3H2O(l) was studied at 0C, and the... Problem 89AE: Consider two reaction vessels, one containing A and the other containing B, with equal... Problem 90AE: Sulfuryl chloride (SO2Cl2) decomposes to sulfur dioxide (SO2) and chlorine (Cl2) by reaction in the... Problem 91AE: For the reaction 2N2O5(g)4NO2(g)+O2(g) the following data were collected, where Rate=[N2O5]t Time... Problem 92AE: Experimental values for the temperature dependence of the rate constant for the gas-phase reaction... Problem 93AE: At 620. K butadiene dimerizes at a moderate rate. The following data were obtained in an experiment... Problem 94AE: For a first order gas phase reaction A products, k = 7.2 104s1 at 660. K and k = 1.7 102s1 at... Problem 95AE: Cobra venom helps the snake secure food by binding to acetylcholine receptors on the diaphragm of a... Problem 96AE: Iodomethane (CH3I) is a commonly used reagent in organic chemistry. When used properly, this reagent... Problem 97AE: Experiments during a recent summer on a number of fireflies (small beetles, Lampyridaes photinus)... Problem 98AE: The activation energy of a certain uncatalyzed biochemical reaction is 50.0 kJ/mol. In the presence... Problem 99AE: Consider the following initial rate data for the decomposition of compound AB to give A and B: [AB]0... Problem 100AE: Consider a hypothetical reaction between A and B: A + B products Use the following initial rate... Problem 101AE: Consider the reaction 3A+B+CD+E where the rate law is defined as [A]t=k[A]2[B][C] An experiment is... Problem 102CWP: The thiosulfate ion (S2O32) is oxidized by iodine as follows: 2S2O32(aq)+I2(aq)S4O62(aq)+2I(aq) In a... Problem 103CWP: The reaction A(aq)+B(aq)products(aq) was studied, and the following data were obtained: [Al]0... Problem 104CWP: A certain substance, initially present at 0.0800 M, decomposes by zero-order kinetics with a rate... Problem 105CWP: A reaction of the form aAProducts gives a plot of ln[A] versus time (in seconds), which is a... Problem 106CWP: A certain reaction has the form aAProducts At a particular temperature, concentration versus time... Problem 107CWP: Which of the following statement(s) is( are) true? a. The half-life for a zero-order reaction... Problem 108CWP: Consider the hypothetical reaction A2(g) + B2(g) 2AB(g), where the rate law is: [A2]t=k[A2][B2] The... Problem 109CWP: Experiments have shown that the average frequency of chirping by a snowy tree cricket (Oecanthus... Problem 110CP: Consider a reaction of the type aA products, in which the rate law is found to he rate = k[A]3... Problem 111CP: A study was made of the effect of the hydroxide concentration on the rate of the reaction... Problem 112CP: Two isomers (A and B) of a given compound dimerize as follows: 2Ak1A22Bk2B2 Both processes are known... Problem 113CP: The reaction NO(g)+O3NO2(g)+O2(g) was studied by performing two experiments. In the first experiment... Problem 114CP Problem 115CP: In the gas phase, the production of phosgene from chlorine and carbon monoxide is assumed to proceed... Problem 116CP: Most reactions occur by a series of steps. The energy profile for a certain reaction that proceeds... Problem 117CP: You are studying the kinetics of the reaction H2(g) + F2(g) 2HF(g) and you wish to determine a... Problem 118CP: The decomposition of NO2(g) occurs by the following bimolecular elementary reaction:... Problem 119CP: The following data were collected in two studies of the reaction 2A+BC+D Time (s) Experiment 1 [A]... Problem 120CP: Consider the following hypothetical data collected in two studies of the reaction 2A+2BC+2D Time(s)... Problem 121CP: Consider the hypothetical reaction A+B+2C2D+3E In a study of this reaction three experiments were... Problem 122CP: Hydrogen peroxide and the iodide ion react in acidic solution as follows:... Problem 123IP: Sulfuryl chloride undergoes first-order decomposition at 320.C with a half-life of 8.75 h.... Problem 124IP: Upon dissolving InCl(s) in HCl, In+(aq) undergoes a disproportionation reaction according to the... Problem 125IP: The decomposition of iodoethane in the gas phase proceeds according to the following equation:... Problem 126MP: Consider the following reaction: CH3X+YCH3Y+X At 25C, the following two experiments were run,... Problem 69E: The activation energy for the reaction NO2(g)+CO(g)NO(g)+CO2(g) is 125 kJ/mol, and E for the...
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7.For a chemical reaction , the activation energy for the forward reaction is +181 kJ and the activation energy
Definition Definition Transformation of a chemical species into another chemical species. A chemical reaction consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new ones by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.
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