* 97% 7:58 PM Wed Feb 12 х Unanswered •1 attempt left • Due on Feb 13 When the initial concentration of the reactant increases, the half life of a 1st order reaction will and the half life of a 2nd order reaction will increase, decrease B not change, decrease decrease, increase not change, increase increase, not change Submit ш

* 97% 7:58 PM Wed Feb 12 х Unanswered •1 attempt left • Due on Feb 13 When the initial concentration of the reactant increases, the half life of a 1st order reaction will and the half life of a 2nd order reaction will increase, decrease B not change, decrease decrease, increase not change, increase increase, not change Submit ш

Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781305960060

Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. Hansen

Publisher:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. Hansen

Chapter8: Reaction Rates And Equilibrium

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8.20E: In each of the following, which reaction mechanism assumption is apparently being violated? Explain...

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The reaction of CO with CI2 gives phosgene (COCI2), a nerve gas that was used in World War I. Use the mechanism shown here to complete the following exercises: CI2(g)2CI(g) (fast, k1 represents the forward rate constant, k-1 the reverse rate constant) CO(g)+CI(g)COCI(g) (slow, k2 the rate constant) COCI(g)+CI(g)COCI2(g) (fast, k3 the rate constant) (a) Write the overall reaction. (b) Identify all intermediates. (c) Write the rate law for each elementary reaction. (d) Write the overall rate law expression.
In general, can we predict the effect of doubling the concentration of A on the rate of the overall reaction A+BC? Can we predict the effect if the reaction is known to be an elementary reaction?
For a certain reaction, Ea is 135 kJ and H=45 kJ. In the presence of a catalyst, the activation energy is 39% of that for the uncatalyzed reaction. Draw a diagram similar to Figure 11.14 but instead of showing two activated complexes (two humps) show only one activated complex (i.e., only one hump) for the reaction. What is the activation energy of the uncatalyzed reverse reaction?
Tripling the concentration of a reactant increases the rate of a reaction nine times. With this knowledge, answer the following questions: (a) What is the order of the reaction with respect to that reactant? (b) Increasing the concentration of a reactant by a factor of four increases the rate of a reaction four times. What is the order of the reaction with respect to that reactant?
Describe how the Chapman cycle is a reaction mechanism. What is the molecularity of each reaction in the Chapman cycle?
Can a reaction mechanism ever be proven correct? Can it be proven incorrect?
The uncoiling of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a first-order reaction. Its activation energy is 420 kJ. At 37C, the rate constant is 4.90104min1 (a) What is the half-life of the uncoiling at 37C (normal body temperature)? (b) What is the half-life of the uncoiling if the organism has a temperature of 40C(104F)? (c) By what factor does the rate of uncoiling increase (per C) over this temperature interval?
Radioactive phosphorus is used in the study of biochemical reaction mechanisms because phosphorus atoms are components of many biochemical molecules. The location of the phosphorus (and the location of the molecule it is bound in) can be detected from the electrons (beta particles) it produces: P1532S1632+e Rate =4.85102day1[32P] What is the instantaneous rate of production of electrons in a sample with a phosphorus concentration of 0.0033 M?
As with any drug, aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) must remain in the bloodstream long enough to be effective. Assume that the removal of aspirin from the bloodstream into the urine is a lirst-order reaction, with a half-life of about 3 hours. The instructions on an aspirin bottle say to take 1 or 2 tablets every 4 hours. If a person takes 2 aspirin tablets, how much aspirin remains in the bloodstream when it is time for the second dose? (A standard tablet contains 325 mg of aspirin.)
In each of the following, which reaction mechanism assumption is apparently being violated? Explain your answers. a. A reaction takes place more rapidly when the concentration of reactants is decreased. b. A reaction takes place more rapidly when the reaction mixture is cooled. c. The reaction rate of A+BAB increases as the concentration of A is increased but does not change as the concentration of B is increased.
Consider a reaction that has two parallel pathways both first-order to products. Pathway 1, leading to product B, has a rate constant of 1.34105s1. Product C- producing pathway 2 has a rate constant of 6.55104s1. Plot the concentrations of A, B, and C versus time, and determine the time necessary to produce the maximum amount of the kinetically favored product.
11.41 For a drug to be effective in treating an illness, its levels in the bloodstream must be maintained for a period of time. One way to measure the level of a drug in the body is to measure its rate of appearance in the urine. The rate of excretion of penicillin is first order, with a half-life of about 30 min. If a person receives an injection of 25 mg of penicillin at t = 0, how much penicillin remains in the body after 3 hours?