(a) Briefly describe the relationship between intracellular malonyl-CoA levels in the liver and the control of ketogenesis. (b) Describe how the action of hexokinase IV helps the liver to buffer the level of blood glucose.

Q: Carnitine is an important cofactor in which stage of fatty acid metabolism?

A: Fatty acid metabolism involves beta oxidation and it consists of the following steps: Conversion of…

Q: If a person is starving for a prolonged time, an excessive build up of Acetyl CoA ultimately leads…

A: Acetyl Co-A can be synthesized during starvation from either amino acids or fatty acids. The end…

Q: What would be the physiological consequence of adisease that destroyed the beta cells of the…

A: The pancreas secretes a number of hormones that regulate the concentration of blood glucose. These…

Q: Name three enzymes and/or genes that you will evaluate in order to verify increased de novo…

A: Lipogenesis is a metabolic pathway in which conversion of acetyl CoA to triglycerides happen. It…

Q: Ketone bodies that build up under starvation conditions act as hunger suppressants and mental…

A: Hi, Thanks For Your Question.  Answer : Our Bodies Get Energy From The Food We Eat. When We Are…

Q: /on Gierke's disease is a glycogen storage disease that results from the absence of…

A: Glucose-6-phosphatase converts glucose-6-phosphate to glucose. Absence of glucose-6-phosphatase…

Q: Administration of insulin decreases the blood concentration of ketone bodies in patients with…

A: The cells inside the body of people who are diabetic are unable to uptake glucose from blood.…

Q: Explain how appetite is controlled by the brain. What is the benefit ofhaving a hormone released…

A: The region in the brain known as hypothalamus contains several nuclei that combines peripheral…

Q: What happens to ketone body production during cases of prolonged hypoglacemia?

A: Hypoglacemia is a condition occurring in a body where in the blood glucose levels falls below a…

Q: Can you explain the difference in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism in liver and muscle?

A: A carbohydrate is a biological molecule containing atoms of oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon. The…

Q: If all of the pentose phosphate pathway is functioning (both oxidative and non-oxidative portions),…

A: Pentose Phosphate Pathway, also called the HMP shunt pathway is a multipurpose biochemical pathway…

Q: How does adipose tissue metabolize absorbed triglyceride, and what are the three major sources of…

A: The digestive system consists of a collection of organs that help in the digestion and metabolism of…

Q: How does the body maintain energy substrates to tissues during starvation using the liver, muscles…

A: The human body is made up of billions of smaller structures that are divided into four categories:…

Q: Which one of the following statements concerning gluconeogenesis is correct? a. It is inhibited by…

A: Metabolic pathways play an important role in preserving the functions and different processes of the…

Q: Ketone bodies are exported from liver for use by other tissues. Because many tissues can synthesize…

A: Introduction: Ketone bodies are water-soluble and energy-generating compound. For Example; acetone,…

Q: How many ATP will be broken down in the complete β-oxidation of this fatty acid?

A: Beta-oxidation is the process of breaking down the long fatty acids into smaller fatty acyl CoA to…

Q: If a fatty acid containing 13 carbons is subjected to Beta oxidation, how many molecules of Acetyl…

A: When there is energy demand in the cell, and there are no dietary glucose and no glycogen to…

Q: Discuss ketogenesis in details and also specify the ketone bodies.

A: Ketone bodies are ketone-containing lipid molecules that are used as alternative energy sources for…

Q: Why is glucose provided by glycogenolysis in the liver but not in skeletal muscle?

A: Through glycogenolysis process, glycogen broken down into glucose and provide energy.  Muscle…

Q: . How would the rapid accumulation of succinyl-CoA affect the rate of glucose oxidation?

A: Cellular Respiration is the oxidative process through which energy is obtained from the food. The…

Q: Excessive breakdown of fatty acids produces large amount of acetyl CoA that result in the production…

A: Ketones are always present in the blood, and their level enhances during the stage of low glucose…

Q: People with beriberi, a disease caused by thiamine deficiency, have elevated levels of blood…

A: Pyruvate dehydrogenase is the enzyme responsible for converting pyruvate into acetyl CoA during the…

Q: What metabolic and hormonal changes account for decreased gluconeogenesis during the first several…

A: The absence of food intake causes the body to move into a fasting state from a fed state. The…

Q: Given the nature of the hormonal activation of lipases, what carbohydrate pathways would be…

A: The lipase is an enzyme found in the pancreas that catalyzes the breakdown of fats to fatty acids…

Q: Describe the mechanism of action of salivary amylase. Explain how it works and on what type of…

A: Carbohydrate along with protein, fat and water comprise macro-molecules which are required in larger…

Q: The rate-limiting enzyme in bile acid synthesis is _____________.

A: The process of bile acid synthesis is a multiple-step process of synthesis of bile acids (cholic…

Q: Release of Acetyl CoA from the ketoacy| CoA is catalyzed by

A: First question answer is option c- thiolases,

Q: How would the rapid accumulation of succinyl-CoA affect the rate of glucose oxidation?

A: Cellular Respiration is the oxidative process through which energy is obtained from the food. The…

Q: Describe the fate of fatty acids absorbed by enterocytes based on the reaction with…

A: The majority of the fats in the diet exist as triacylglycerol. They are hydrolyzed into…

Q: What is the origin of the triacylglycerols transported by very low-density lipoproteins?

A: Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) carry about 47% triglycerides and 53% cholesterol in the body.…

Q: Describe five possible fates for glucose 6-phosphate in the liver.

A: The liver is a major metabolic site. The metabolism of drugs, detoxification, amino acid metabolism…

Q: Describe the function of ferritin in the absorption of iron.

A: Blood is a specialized connective tissue composed of two components plasma and formed elements.…

Q: All of the following are true with respect to alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, except:A. It inhibits…

A: Diabetes type 2 is adult-onset diabetes and is identified by a high level of sugar in the blood,…

Q: How does ketogenic diet affect the human physiological processes, particularly in the regulation of…

A: Ketogenic Diet    A diet introduced by Russel Wilder in 1921. A diet in which the proportion of…

Q: fatty acid breakdown generates a large amount of acetyl CoA. What will be the effect of fatty acid…

A: The oxidation of fatty acids and glucose provides a huge amount of ATP. The amount of energy…

Q: A patient presents with a rare disorder called Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome. The patient has developed…

A: Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) is a rare digestive disorder, it can occur in men between the age…

Q: Consider the reactions of ketogenesis. (a) What role does acetyl-CoA play?(b) How many acetyl-CoA…

A: Ketogenesis is the biochemical process through which organisms produce ketone bodies through…

Q: Describe how the glucose-alanine cycle acts to transportammonia to the liver

A: Introduction: The Cahill cycle, also known as the alanine cycle or the glucose-alanine cycle, is a…

Q: Assume that glycolysis is completely inhibited and thus glucose cannot be converted to pyruvate.…

A: Glycolysis is a ten-step pathway of glucose breakdown that involve the production of three carbon…

Q: List the seven metabolites that represent the end products of amino acid catabolism. Which are…

A: Every amino acid has an amino group and a carboxyl group. Both groups are at two different ends.…

Q: Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false. If false, correct the statement…

A: Malonyl-CoA is a focal metabolite in fatty acid bio-chemistry. It is the rate-deciding intermediate…

Q: Explain how excessive ketone bodies may form in the following: During starvation In patients with…

A: Ketone bodies are the water-soluble molecules containing the ketone group that are produced by the…

Q: Why are compounds such as glyceraldehyde- 3-phosphate, pyruvate, and acetyl-CoA so important in…

A: Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is an intermediate during glycolysis. Pyruvate is the end product of…

Q: In gluconeogenesis, only the carbon skeletons of amino acids, not fatty acids, are utilised. So how…

A: The metabolic process or cycle in which lipids are digested or broken down to release or create…

Q: Why are the symptoms of carnitine palmitoyl transferase II deficiency more severe during fasting?

A: Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPT II) deficiency is a condition that prevents the body from…

Q: (a) Briefly describe the relationship between intracellular malonyl- CoA levels in the liver and the…

A: Malonyl Coa has long been recognised as an important precursor of fatty acid biosynthesis in…