A C T G

Q: What does oxidation and reduction mean, and how does it relate to respiration?

A: Respiration is a multi-step reaction involves glycolysis and  Krebs cycle. The process of respiratio...

Q: List the tools and techniques of DNA technology

A: Recombinant DNA technology alters the phenotype of an organism (host) through a genetically altered ...

Q: Which of the following molecules would you expect to diffuse through the lipid bilayer of a plasma m...

A: Large molecules like Glucose, starch, and amino acid, requires transmembrane carrier proteins to dif...

Q: What is the ploidy in parent cells in mitosis and meiosis? What is the ploidy of daughter cells in m...

A:  Ploidy means the number of chromosomes sets in the cell. Eukaryotes have a single set i.e. haploid ...

Q: what is the color of the capsule and color of the bacterial cell of streptococcus pneumoniae respect...

A: The capsule is a gelatinous layer that is secreted by certain bacteria surrounding their cell walls.

Q: Use the DNA sequence above, list all possible splicing products

A: Splicing, is a form of RNA processing in which a pre- mRNA transcript is transformed into a mRNA. Du...

Q: How is the brain organized?

A: The human brain is the central organ of the human nervous system. The brain consists of the cerebrum...

Q: Chapter 12 1) Describe the unique structure of the spinal cord. 2) Know the structure and function o...

A: Hello there! As you have posted multiple questions and not mentioned which one of them to be answere...

Q: Which of the following statements regarding summation in skeletal muscle fibers is true?    Incomp...

A: The correct options are 2 and 4.In skeletal muscles, the muscle fibers are innervated by motor neuro...

Q: Why are plant roots and animal embryos tissues where we'd expect a lot of mitosis to occur?

A: Plant root tissues and animal embryo tissues show a lot of mitosis, because they contain undifferent...

Q: what is the clinical significance of determining whether or not a bacterium is acid-fast?   list the...

A: Acid-fast bacteria, also termed as acid-fast bacilli, are microbes resistant to decolorization by an...

Q: Genes A and B are 7.5 map units apart on one chromosome. Genes C and D are 8.0 map units apart on a ...

A: The measure of genetic linkage is termed as recombination frequency, which is used in the constructi...

Q: The maintenance of sexual reproduction in populations is a challenge for evolutionary biologists. Ex...

A: The evolution of sex can be divided into two major events, the origin and the maintenance of sex.

Q: What hormone is the major regulator of Ca+ in the blood?

A: Calcium ions play a major role in regulating the physiology and biochemistry of organisms. They play...

Q: Where does succinate dehydrogenase and potassium cyanide "fit into" the Krebs Cycle

A: The Krebs cycle is also known as citric acid cycle (CAC) or tricarboxylic acid cycle. It is a centra...

Q: What conditions and factors are required for enzyme function?

A: Enzymes are used as a catalyst for any reaction. It accelerates the pace of the reaction by lowering...

Q: How do enzymes change as they perform enzymatic reactions?

A: The enzymes are proteins involved in catalyzing the chemical reactions by converting the substrates ...

Q: How does an importing release it's cargo into the nucleus?

A: Importin is a kind of protein that is present in eukaryotic cells. These proteins are involved in th...

Q: Classify the following images into the type of defense it represents. Interleukin Other cytokines Ma...

A: T cells or T lymphocytes are subpopulations of lymphocytes that are produced in the bone marrow but ...

Q: What is the relationship between Nautilus and Fibonaci?

A: Nautilus is a marine pelagic mollusc. Which is found in family Nautilidae of class Cephalopoda. The ...

Q: after meiosis 1 , explain what happened to the number of chromosomes in the daughter cells compared ...

A: Meiosis is a process of cell division usually occurring in germ cells (ovum and sperm).  This divisi...

Q: What are the molecules produced from the light-dependent reactions of oxygenic photosynthesis in pla...

A: Photosynthesis is a process in which the sunlight energy is captured and utilized for converting H2O...

Q: What are SNARE proteins? What is their role in synaptic vesicle fusion?

A: SNARE proteins are protein complexes in yeast and in mammalian cells. The major function of SNARE pr...

Q: What is the posterior pituitary and why is it not considered an endocrine gland?

A: The ductless glands are also called as endocrine glands that secretes their hormones into the blood....

Q: What is meant by isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic in terms of a solution surrounding a cell membr...

A: A hypotonic solution is any solution that has a lower osmotic pressure than another solution. If the...

Q: What is the molarity of a 30% solution of NaCI

A: Let us first define the percentage solution : 30% NaCl solution= 30% w/v solution = 30g/100 ml.Since...

Q: If a food does not contain the necessary amounts of certain amino acids to meet a body need , what i...

A: Proteins are large macromolecules that play several vital roles in the body due to which they are kn...

Q: A person’s mean arterial pressure has decreased below normal. As a result of this, the person   Wo...

A: The cardiac cycle contains two phases, the systole, and the diastole. In the systole phase blood is ...

Q: A person’s blood pressure is measured as 110/70 mm Hg. The diastolic pressure is 110 110 is the ...

A: Blood pressure is influenced by the contractile activities of the heart and conditions and activitie...

Q: Explain the effects of penicillin on the body

A: Antibiotic penicillin is prescribed to control a broad range of bacterial infections.

Q: Dichotomous key:b. Based on the key, bacteria of which genus would appear purple after a Gram-staini...

A: Dichotomous means two divisions or classifications. In microbiology, the dichotomous key is defined ...

Q: For a given cross, the expected number of double recombinants is 18 and the observed number of doubl...

A: The measure of genetic linkage is termed as recombination frequency, which is used in the constructi...

Q: What is the Shine-Dalgarno sequence?

A: The process of protein synthesis involves various components like mRNA, tRNA, release factors, and e...

Q: relate dalton's law and henry's law to external respiration and internal respiration.

A: Respiratory system is the process of gaseous exchange. Which includes external respiration and inter...

Q: describe how oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported in the blood.

A: The blood transports both oxygen and carbon dioxide. The oxygen from the lungs enters the blood and ...

Q: Which method is used to obtain mutants that grow under conditions that the wild type parent cannot g...

A: The correct option is b) direct selection.In the direct selection method, conditions are built such ...

Q: The hyposecretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) or follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) results in steri...

A: The pituitary gland is a part of the endocrine system. It is called the master gland. It secretes ho...

Q: How to reverse a frame-shift mutation caused by adding one nucleotide base?

A: The genetic mutation caused by the insertion or deletion of a number of nucleotides that are not div...

Q: What are the cardinal signs of inflammation and what causes them?

A: Inflammation is a response which is triggered by damage to living tissues. Inflammatory reponse is a...

Q: What is crossover? When does it happen? What are the consequences?

A: The cell cycle is the sequence of events that take place in the cell. The cell cycle has 4 main phas...

Q: What is the difference between passive diffusion and facilitated diffusion?

A: Facilitated diffusion is a form of passive diffusion of molecules across a cell. In passive diffusio...

Q: Post translational modifications – what are they and what do they do? (In terms of translation)

A: Post translational modification refers to the covalent and and enzymatic modification of proteins fo...

Q: What are the two advantages of using sequence analysis of ribosomal components in determining the re...

A: Ribosome is an essential component of cellular machinery that is present across all life forms. The ...

Q: The line below represents a mature eukaryotic mRNA. The accompanying list contains many sequences or...

A: Mature-messenger RNA often abbreviated as mature mRNA is a eukaryotic RNA transcript that has been s...

Q: Describe the difference between chemoheterotrophs and photoautotrophs give examples.

A: Photoautotrophs are those organisms that uses light energy to synthesize organic compounds from carb...

Q: Hormonal contraceptives can be cyclic or non-cyclic.  Non-cyclic hormonal contraceptives provide a c...

A: Hormonal contraceptive methods of birth control work on the endocrine system to control pregnancy. 

Q: Describe how Ames Test works to identify carcinogenic using back mutations (reversible)

A: The Ames test is a widely employed method that uses bacteria to test whether a given chemical can ca...

Q: What are  hypertonic and hypotonic solutions?

A: Hypertonic solutions have solute concentration higher than another solution. It is a term used to ex...

Q: Microbes and humans. 1. At what age is an individual considered to have their full complement of nor...

A: Hello there! Since you have posted multiple questions and not mentioned which one of them to be answ...

Gene Interactions

When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.

Gene Expression

Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.