): A county is considering three locations for a new dam. The three alternatives for the dams for the three locations cost $25,000,000, $30,000,000, and $32,000,000. Currently flood damage amounts to $20,000,000 per year, If the new dams are built, the flood damage will be reduced to $17,000,000; $16,000,000; and $15,500,000 per year, respectively. Determine which dam should be built based on the incremental benefit/cost ratios using an interest rate of 5% per year and a life of 10 years. (Hint: the benefits are the reduced damage of new dams comparing with the old ones)
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- Using the B/C ratio method To reduce flood damage in a river valley in Southern Luzon, a flood control dam is being proposed for construction. The initial cost is estimated to be P4,600,000, with annual maintenance and inspection costs of P24,000. Every 5 years, minor reconstruction work will be undertaken on the dam at a cost ofP150,000. If the dam is built, flood damage is expected to be reduced from P800,000 to P100,000 annually. Assuming the dam to be permanent and the interest rate is 8%, should the dam be built?A proposed bridge on the interstate highway is being considered at the cost of 4 million dollars. It is expected that the bridge will have a life of 30 years. Construction costs will be paid by government agencies. Operation and maintenance costs are estimated to be $250,000 per year. Benefits to the public are estimated to be $900,000 per year. The building of the bridge will result in an estimated cost of $250,000 per year to the general public. The project requires a return of 5%. Determine the benefit/cost (B/C) ratio.1. This project must fund the construction of an on/off-interchange from an adjacent highway, a 2-mile length of 4-lane divided roadway, and a bridge that will cross a 500-foot wide river. The entire project is estimated to require 2 years to complete following planning & design.a. The interchange is projected to cost $50 million. It will need to begin construction in 18 months. Rights-of-way acquisition, surveying, and permitting have already been completed and paid for by the program. There will be 2 additional project phases: 1) planning & design, 2) construction. Each will require payment at the end of the phase. The projected cost of the 1st phase of the project is $2.5 million. The 1st phase is expected to need the entire 18 months prior to the start of construction and must be completed before construction can begin. The 2nd phase is projected to cost the remaining $47.5 million. It is expected to be completed at the end of the 2-year period following planning &…
- The Newfoundland government is considering three new flood control projects for the Badger area. Projects A and B consist of permanent dikes. Project C is a small dam. The dam will have recreation and irrigation benefits as well as the flood control benefits. Facts about the three projects are shown in the following table. Each project has a life of 25 years. The MARR is 10%. Project A Project B Project C First Cost (millions of $) 206 236 402 Annual Benefits (millions of $) 26.8 32.1 56.8 Annual Operating and Maintenance costs (millions of $) 2.9 2.1 4.8 Part a - Use present worth to choose the best project What is the PW of Project A (in millions of dollars rounded to two decimal points eg. x.xx)? What is the PW of Project B (in millions of dollars rounded to two decimal points eg. x.xx)? What is the PW of Project C (in millions of dollars rounded to two decimal points eg. x.xx)? Which Project is the best choice (Enter either 'A',…A state government is considering construction of a flood control dike having a life span of 15 years. History indicates that a flood occurs every five years and causes $600,000 in damages, on average. If the state uses aMARR of 12% per year and expects every public-works project to have a B–C ratio of at least 1.0, what is the maximum investment that will be allowed for the dike? Assume that the flood occurs in the middle of each five-year period. (a) $1,441,000 (b) $643,000 (c) $843,000 (d) $4,087,000 (e) $1,800,000.A nonprofit government corporation is considering two alternatives for generating power: Alternative A. Build a coal-powered generating facility at a cost of $20,000,000. Annual power sales are expected to be $1,000,000 per year. Annual operating and maintenance costs are $200,000 per year. A benefit of this alternative is that it is expected to attract new industry, worth $500,000 per year, to the region. Alternative B. Build a hydroelectric generating facility. The capital investment, power sales, and operating costs are $30,000,000, $800,000, and $100,000 per year, respectively. Annual benefits of this alternative are as follows (shown): The useful life of both alternatives is 50 years. Using an interest rate of 5%, determine which alternative (if either) should be selected according to the conventional B–C-ratio method.
- A city government is considering two types oftown-dump sanitary systems. Design A requires aninitial outlay of $400,000 with annual operating andmaintenance costs of $50,000 for the next 15 years;design B calls for an investment of $300,000 withannual operating and maintenance costs of $80,000per year for the next 15 years. Fee collections fromthe residents would again be $85,000 per year. Theinterest rate is 8%, and no salvage value is associatedwith either system.(a) Using the benefit–cost ratio BC(i), which systemshould be selected?M16_PARK9091_06_GE_C16.indd 901 10/22/15 5:22 PM902 Chapter 16 Economic Analysis in the Service SectIf a new design (design C), which requires aninitial outlay of $350,000 and annual operatingand maintenance costs of $65,000, is proposed,would your answer in part (a) change?The city of San Fernando contemplates to increase the capacity of her existing water transmission lines. Two plans are under consideration. plan a requires the construction of a parallel pipeline , the flow being maintained by gravity. The initial cost is 2,750,000 and the life is 40 years, with an annual operating cost of 5,000. Plan B requires the construction of a booster pumping station costing 1,050,000 with the life of 40 years. The pumping equipment cost an additional amount of 250,000. It has a life of 20 years and a salvage value of 25,000. The annual operating cost is 165,000. Which is the most economical plan if the interest rate is 12% and how much is the difference between the two plans. Use Present worth Method.Assume that, as a part of its economic development program, your governmental agency has committed to provide access to a new regional industrial park. This project must fund the construction of an on/off-interchange from an adjacent highway, a 2-mile length of 4-lane divided roadway, and a bridge that will cross a 500-foot wide river. The entire project is estimated to require 2 years to complete following planning & design.a. The interchange is projected to cost $50 million. It will need to begin construction in 18 months. Rights-of-way acquisition, surveying, and permitting have already been completed and paid for by the program. There will be 2 additional project phases: 1) planning & design, 2) construction. Each will require payment at the end of the phase. The projected cost of the 1st phase of the project is $2.5 million. The 1st phase is expected to need the entire 18 months prior to the start of construction and must be completed before construction can begin. The 2nd…
- Assume that, as a part of its economic development program, your governmental agency has committed to provide access to a new regional industrial park. This project must fund the construction of an on/off-interchange from an adjacent highway, a 2-mile length of 4-lane divided roadway, and a bridge that will cross a 500-foot wide river. The entire project is estimated to require 2 years to complete following planning & design.a. The interchange is projected to cost $50 million. It will need to begin construction in 18 months. Rights-of-way acquisition, surveying, and permitting have already been completed and paid for by the program. There will be 2 additional project phases: 1) planning & design, 2) construction. Each will require payment at the end of the phase. The projected cost of the 1st phase of the project is $2.5 million. The 1st phase is expected to need the entire 18 months prior to the start of construction and must be completed before construction can begin. The 2nd…A municipality is planning on constructing a water treatment plant at an initial cost of $10,000,000. Every 5 years, major repairs and cleanup are required at a cost of $2,000,000. Due to the necessity to remove sludge and make minor repairs, annual costs of operating the treatment plant are estimated to be $700,000, $775,000, $850,000, $925,000, and $1,000,000 each year leading up to the 5-year major repair and cleanup. Based on a 4%/year TVOM, what is the capitalized cost for the water treatment plant?Pine Village needs some additional recreation fields. Construction will cost $300,000, and annual O&M expenses are $85,000. The city council estimates that the value of added youth leagues is about $200,000 annually. In year 6 another $75,000 will be needed to refurbish the fields. The salvage value is estimated to be $50,000 after 10 years. Draw the cash flow diagram.