A hydroelectric power plant uses Pelton-type turbines, in which multiple nozzles are used to accelerate the water which is directed onto the turbine blades, which are exposed to an atmospheric pressure of 101.325 kPa.  The water enters the nozzles with an absolute pressure of 500 kPa and a speed of 5 m/s, and the nozzle outlets are exposed to atmospheric pressure and have an internal diameter of 5 cm. Consider that the specific mass of water is 1,000 kg/m3. Determine the mass flow rate of water through each of the nozzles, and explain why the actual mass flow rate will be lower.

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Applied Fluid Mechanics

A fluid is a substance that is continuously deformed by the application of shear stress. The rate of deformation of a fluid depends on its viscosity. The fluid tries to flow when it interacts with some other system.