A loudspeaker is near the end of a gas-filled tube of length 2.00 m. The speaker frequency is slowly varied and a resonance is observed at 280 Hz. As the speaker frequency continues to increase, the next resonance occurs at 360 Hz. (a) Is the tube open at both ends, or is it open at one end and closed at the other. Please circle the appropriate response. Open at both ends Open at one end and closed at the other (b) With what velocity does sound travel through the gas in the tube? While the speaker is tuned to 360 Hz, valves are opened so that the original gas is purged from the tube and replaced by air, which conveys sound at 343 m/s. The resonance disappears. From 360 Hz, the speaker frequency is gradually increased just until resonance returns. (c) For what frequency is the speaker tuned when the resonance returns?

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Shock Waves

Shock waves are common in continuum mechanics, and their dominance is attributable to the fact that they are stronger (or even less) compressible. Substantial perturbations propagated as sudden dynamic changes of a compressible medium supersonically. Shock waves are all around us in our daily lives. Lightning, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and meteorite impact all produce them in nature. Even the earth, which is protected by its magnetic field, generates a shock wave as in solar wind that travels around 20 Earth radiuses. These shock waves might be either constant, linked to the body, or unsteady, i.e., moving around with time. All of the shocks mentioned above can be damaging, so precautions must be taken to reduce their impact.