A market maker faces the following demand and supply for widgets. Eleven buyers are willing to buy at the following prices: $15, $14, $13, $12, $11, $10, $9, $8, $7, $6, $5. Eleven sellers are also willing to sell at the

A market maker faces the following demand and supply for widgets. Eleven buyers are willing to buy at the following prices: $15, $14, $13, $12, $11, $10, $9, $8, $7, $6, $5. Eleven sellers are also willing to sell at the

Principles of Economics 2e

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781947172364

Author:Steven A. Greenlaw; David Shapiro

Publisher:Steven A. Greenlaw; David Shapiro

Chapter8: Perfect Competition

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 6SCQ: A firms marginal cost curve above the average variable cost curve is equal to the films individual...

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A firms marginal cost curve above the average variable cost curve is equal to the films individual supply curve. This means that every time a firm receives a price from the market it will be willing to supply the amount of output where the price equals marginal cost. What happens to the films individual supply curve if marginal costs increase?
Would you rather have efficiency or variety? That is, one opportunity cost of the variety of products we have is that each product costs more per unit than if there were only one kind of product of a given type, like shoes. Perhaps a better question is, What is the right amount of variety? Can there be too many varieties of shoes, for example?
The accompanying table presents the expected cost and revenuedata for the Tucker Tomato Farm. The Tuckers produce tomatoesin a greenhouse and sell them wholesale in a price-taker market.a. Fill in the firm’s marginal cost, average variable cost,average total cost, and profit schedules.b. If the Tuckers are profit maximizers, how many tomatoesshould they produce when the market price is $500 perton? Indicate their profits.c. Indicate the firm’s output level and maximum profit if themarket price of tomatoes increases to $550 per ton.d. How many units would the Tucker Tomato Farm produce ifthe price of tomatoes fell to $450 per ton? What would bethe firm’s profits? Should the firm stay in business? Explain.
The market for apple pies in the city of Ectenia iscompetitive and has the following demand schedule:Price Quantity Demanded$1 1,200 pies2 1,1003 1,0004 9005 8006 7007 6008 5009 40010 30011 20012 10013 0Each producer in the market has fixed costs of $9 andthe following marginal cost schedule:Quantity Marginal Cost1 pie $ 22 43 64 85 106 12a. Compute each producer’s total cost andaverage total cost for each quantity from 1 to6 pies.b. The price of a pie is now $11. How many pies aresold? How many pies does each producer make?How many producers are there? How much profitdoes each producer earn?c. Is the situation described in part (b) a long-runequilibrium? Why or why not?d. Suppose that in the long run there is free entryand exit. How much profit does each producerearn in the long-run equilibrium? What isthe market price? How many pies does eachproducer make? How many pies are sold inthe market? How many pie producers areoperating?
Buddies Production Costs Quantity of Ear Buds MC ($) ATC ($) 10 - 5.00 15 2.00 4.00 20 2.44 3.61 25 3.56 3.60 30 4.02 3.67 35 5.49 3.93 40 5.93 4.18 45 8.59 4.67 If the market price for ear buds is $6 per pair, and Buddies produces the profit-maximizing quantity of ear buds, what will Buddies profit or loss be per week? $ d. Now assume the market price is $5.50 per pair, and Buddies produces the profit-maximizing quantity of ear buds. What will Buddies profit or loss be per week? $
The market for apple pies in the city of Ectenia is competitive and has the followingdemand schedule:Price Quantity Demanded$ 1 1,200 pies2 1,1003 1,0004 9005 8006 7007 6008 5009 40010 30011 20012 10013 0 ch producer in the market has fixed costs of $9 and the following marginal cost:Quantity Marginal Cost1 pie $ 22 43 64 85 106 12a. Compute each producer’s total cost and average total cost for 1 to 6 pies.b. The price of a pie is now $11. How many pies are sold? How many pies does eachproducer make? How many producers are there? How much profit does eachproducer earn?c. Is the situation described in part (b) a long-run equilibrium? Why or why not?d. Suppose that in the long run there is free entry and exit. How much profit does eachproducer earn in the long-run equilibrium? What is the market price? How many piesdoes each producer make? How many pies are sold in the market? How many pieproducers are operating?
Many small boats are made of fiberglass and a resinderived from crude oil. Suppose that the price of oilrises.a. Using diagrams, show what happens to the costcurves of an individual boat-making firm and tothe market supply curve.b. What happens to the profits of boat makers in theshort run? What happens to the number of boatmakers in the long run?
Price1 Price2 Quantity 1 Quantity2 demand for a.cashews 7.50dollar per pound 6.00 dollar per pound 800 pounds per month 1,000 pounds per month 65 per year b.portable hard drive (1 terabyte) 80 dollar 120 dollar 75 per year 65 per year c.12-gauge copper wire 0.60 per lineal foot 0.45 per lineal foot 2,5000 lineal feet per week 5,000 lineal feet per week d.Toothpaste 2.00 dollar per tube 2.40 dollar per tube 10 tubes per moth 9 tubes per month Using the midpoint formula, calculate elasticity for each of the following changes in demand.
1) When the market price is 10, MC=2q where q is quantity. Suppose the firm choose not shutting down, how many units of output will the firm produce? A) 10 B) 2 C) 5 D) 1 2)When the market price is 10, MC=2q where q is quantity. Suppose ATC=5 and AVC=3, will the firm shut down? How much is the profit? A) Shut down, Profit= - 10 B) shut down, profit=10 C)Do not shut down, profit=25 D)Do not shut down, profit=50 3) When the market price is 2, MC=2q where q is quantity. Suppose ATC=5 and AVC=3, will the firm shut down? How much is the profit? A) Shut down, profit= - 3 B) Shut down, profit= - 2 C) Do not shut down, profit= - 3 D) Do not shut down, profit=-2
Henry Potter owns the only wcU in town that pro-ducesclean drinking water. He faces the follO\\•ingdemand, marginal revenue, and marginal cost curves:Demand: P • 70 - QMarginal Revenue: MR • 70 - 2Q~arginal Cost: MC • lO + Qa. Graph these three curves. Assuming thatMr. Potter maximizes profit, what quantity docshe produce? What prioc does he charge? Showthese rcsuiiS on your graph.b. Mayor George Bailey, concerned about water con~sumcrs_. is considering a price ceiling that is10 percent below the monopoly price derived inpart (a). What quantity would be demanded atthis new price? Would the profit-maximizingMr. Potter produce that amount? Explain. (Hi11t:1hink about marginal cost.)c. George's Uncle Billy says that a price ceiling is abad idea because price ceilings cause shortages.Is he right in this case? What size shortage wouldthe prioc ociling create? Explain.d. George's friend Clarence, who is even more con~cerncd about consumers, suggests a price ceiling50 percent below the…
A) Suppose that Quinoa is produced with labor (L) and land (K). The markets for labor, land, and quinoaare all perfectly competitive, but the supply of labor and land are both upward sloping (i.e. not perfectlyelastic). As a result, the long-run industry supply curve for quinoa is upward sloping.i) Is producer surplus positive or zero in the long-run?ii) If all firms producing quinoa have identical production technology, do quinoa producers earn aprofit in the long-run?iii) In the long-run, where does producer surplus go in the quinoa market? B) Suppose the market for shoelaces is perfectly competitive and all firms have identical productiontechnology. If short-run profits for shoelace manufacturers are positive, what will happen to the supplyof shoelaces in the long-run? The price of shoelaces?
In mid-2010, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela (both members of OPEC)produced an average of 8 million and 3 million barrels of oil a day,respectively. Production costs were about $20 per barrel, and the price ofoil averaged $80 per barrel. Each country had the capacity to producean extra 1 million barrels per day. At that time, it was estimated that each1-million-barrel increase in supply would depress the average price of oilby $10.a. Fill in the missing profit entries in the payoff table.b. What actions should each country take and why?Venezuela3 M barrels 4 M barrels8 M barrels _____, _____ _____, _____ Saudi Arabia9 M barrels _____, _____ _____, _____c10GameTheoryandCompetitiveStrategy.qxd 9/29/11 1:33 PM Page 430Summary 431c. Does the asymmetry in the countries’ sizes cause them to take differentattitudes toward expanding output? Explain why or why not. Commenton whether or not a prisoner’s dilemma is present.