A rectangular foundation of plan size 5 (B) × 10 (L) m is to be designed to carry a load of 86.6 MN (0.6 G k + 0.4 Q k ) in fully drained conditions in the following soil: C k ′ = 5kPa; ? k ′ = 38°; ? dry = 20 kN/m3 ; ? sat = 22 kN/m3 ; ? conc = 25 kN/m3 a. Determine a suitable founding depth (equal to the foundation thickness), assuming the groundwater table is well below the foundation level. b. What if the groundwater level is getting rise? Determine design bearing resistances using the determined foundation depth from the above question. (i) up to the underside of the footing (foundation level) (ii) up to the ground surface

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Load and resistance factor design

Load and resistance factors design (LRFD), also known as Limit state design (LSD), refers to the design method used in building engineering. A boundary condition is a condition of a structure where it can no longer meet the relevant design requirements. The condition may refer to the load level or other actions on the structure, while the terms refer to the integrity of the structure, suitability for use, durability, or other design requirements. A structure designed for LRFD is limited to keeping track of all possible actions during its design time and is always ready for use, with the appropriate level of reliability in each boundary condition. LRFD-based construction codes clearly define the appropriate levels of reliability in their instructions.