(a) Show that, for any odd prime p > 5, 1 if p = 1, –5 (mod 12) (주) -1 if p= -1,5 (mod 12)

Q: For which odd primes p is 3 a square mod p?

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Q: Prove that there are infinitely many primes congruent to 3 mod 8. previous part.

A: We have to show that there are infinitely many primes congruent to 3 mod 8. we will proof this by…

Q: Show that 2 is a primitive root modulo 3" for all n > 1.

A: To prove that 2 is a primitive root modulo 3n for all n≥1.

Q: Fermat's "Little" Theorem states that whenver n is prime and a is an integer, a"-l = 1 = 1 mod n a)…

A: Given a =463 and  n=953 We need to find x such that                   463952 ≡ x (mod 953).

Q: Suppose that 2n−1 ≡ 1 (mod n). Is n necessarily prime?

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Q: Show that if p is a prime number then every equation of the form ax ≡ b mod p with a 6≡ 0 mod p has…

A: Given p is a prime number and 6≡0 mod p. Therefore either p=2 or p=3. Let d=gcda,p. We know that if…

Q: What is the smallest integer that is a quadratic residue for all prime moduli p > 2?

A: We know if there is an integer 0<x<p, where p is a prime, such that x2≡qmod p, then q is said…

Q: to show that the numbers in question are incongruent modulo n.] 11. Verify that 0, 1, 2, 22, 23,…

A: We shall solve this question in next step.

Q: If p is a prime with p=3 mod 4 and a is quadratic residue mod p, then -a is a quadratic residue mod…

A:

Q: consider the statement: for all n∈N , x∈Z , x^2 ≡ 1 mod n (        ) x ≡ 1 mod n or x≡ -1 mod n a)…

A:

Q: Prove, that if 2m + 1 is a prime number, then m must be a power of 2 (m = 2n, for some n ∈ N). Prime…

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Q: For which odd primes p is 5 a square mod p?

A:

Q: a) Prove that 10" =+1 (mod 11) for any n EN. b) Suppose the integer r has digits rI-1I, I0. Prove…

A: Want to prove:(a) 10n≡±1 (mod 11) for any n∈N(b) If the integer x has digits xnxn-1.....x1x0 thenx≡0…

Q: 8. (a) Prove that if p and q are odd primes and q | a² - 1, then either q |a - 1 or else q=2kp + 1…

A: a) Given that p and q are odd primes and qap-1. So, ap≡1mod q If p=1 then  a≡1mod q So, qa-1 If p≠1…

Q: Hello, I need help for the problem in the picture. Thank you!

A: We are given that α ∈ Z is a primitive root modulo an odd prime p. So,    αϕ(p) ≡ 1 mod p => αp-1…

Q: What is the least residue of 7162 modulo 17?

A: Multiplication rule for congruencesIf a ≡ b (mod n) and c ≡ d (mod n), thenac ≡ bd (mod n). Power…

Q: (i) Prove that if p is a prime, then (p - 1)! = -1 (mod p). (ii ) Show that 18! = -1 (mod 437).

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Q: For which odd primes p is 5 a square modulo p?

A: As we know that  a is Quadratic residue mod p if and only if   a(p-1) /2 =1 mod p . If p and q are…

Q: (9) Find all prime numbers p for which both equations X²-2 0 mod p and have solutions. X²-3 0 mod p

A: Concept: The quadratic congruence: x2≡a(mod p) , where gcd(a,p)=1 Has a solution if (ap)=1 That is a…

Q: Find the least residue of  -5 -46 modulo 14.

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Q: Let n be an integer greater than 1. If (n-2)! ≡ 1 mod n, then Prove n is a prime number.

A: Use the Wilson theorem and different case to solve this problem as in next step.

Q: 1. Prove that the Mersenne number M13 is a prime; hence, the integer n = 2' (213 – 1) is perfect.…

A: handwriting solution

Q: Characterize the primes p mod 20 such ial

A: We have to characterize p mod 20 such that -5p=1.

Q: 6. Show that ifn = pq, a product of distinct primes, then a (n)+1 (mod n) for all a. = a

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Q: Prove that there are no 3 consecutive odd prime numbers, that is, for any odd p ≥ 5, at least one of…

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Q: It is given that 3023 is prime, and 3023 = 2(1511) +1 where 1511 is also prime. (a) How many…

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Q: Show that if p and q are distinct primes, then pª-1 + q®=1 = 1 (mod pq).

A: Given problem is to show the following identity using congruence, we have to consider that…

Q: 7. What is the second step In proving by mathematical induction that for every positive Integer n,…

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Q: Show that there are infinitely many primes of the form 4k + 3, where k is a nonnegative integer.

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Q: Prove, that if 2m + 1 is a prime number, then m must be a power of 2 (m = 2n, for some n ∈ N).

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Q: I know that using a corollary that the congruence x2 ≡ 0 (mod p) that the only solutions are + and -…

A: As per the question we have the following congruence relation : n ≡ 2(mod 4) And we have to prove…

Q: determine n between 0 and 16 such that (405)(777) is congruent n(mod 17)

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Q: Show that if 2n−1 is prime then n is prime.

A: We have to show that if 2n-1 is prime then n is prime.

Q: Prove: in Z12. L12, for every prime number p>iz, [p] = [1], [5], [7) , or [11]

A: Consider the set ℤ12 consist of all equivalence classes of integers obtained by the remainders…

Q: When all the numbers in a given data series appear only once, then the series is said to:  a. be Tri…

A: Mode:   It is nothing but the data point that is identified with the greater frequency or any value…

Q: For which natural numbers n is n^3-10n^2+28n-19 a pri For which natural numbers n is…

A:

Q: roblem 3. Recall that we showed that for any prime p > (;) -{ - p = ±1 (mod 8) p = ±3 (mod 8) 1 duce…

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Q: A.)Many printed airline tickets contain a 10-digit document number followed by a check digit. The…

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Q: Let p >2 be a prime. Prove that [(p-2) = (-1)/2 (mod p).

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Q: Let p be prime. Show that C) mod p = C for 0 <k< p What does this imply about the binomial…

A: See the following below.

Q: Prove that there are infinitely many prime numbers that are square modulo 11 (trying to prove…

A: To prove: There are infinitely many prime numbers that are square modulo 11.

Q: Suppose n is a large odd number. You calculate 2(n-1)/2 = k (mod),  where k is some integer k is not…

A: Given that 2n-12≡kmodn Take the square on both sides, 2n-12≡kmodn2n-12·2≡k2modn2n-1≡k2modn (a) The…

Q: (b) Prove that if p is a prime greater than 2 then 2(p- 3)! = -1 mod p %3D

A:

Q: Which are true for modulo 12? 1.) Does 5x ≡ 6 mod 12 have a solution? How many? 2.) Does 4x ≡ 6 mod…

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Q: If p is a prime satisfying n < p < 2n, show that 2n = 0 (mod p)

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Q: If p is a prime, then (p-2)!≡1(mod p). Select one: True False

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Q: 6. Show that if n (a2" - 1)/(a² - 1), where a is an integer, a > 1, and p is an odd prime not…

A: The given question is related with pseudoprimes. We have to show that if n = a2p - 1a2 - 1, where a…

Q: Suppose that Bob has used two distinct primes p and q to create the public modulus n = pq and public…

A: RSA algorithm: 1. Choose two distinct prime numbers p and q. Take n = pq. 2. Compute λ(n), where λ…

Q: Show that if p is a prime number then xy ≡ 0 mod p implies that x ≡ 0 mod p or y ≡ 0 mod p

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Contingency Table

A contingency table can be defined as the visual representation of the relationship between two or more categorical variables that can be evaluated and registered. It is a categorical version of the scatterplot, which is used to investigate the linear relationship between two variables. A contingency table is indeed a type of frequency distribution table that displays two variables at the same time.

Binomial Distribution

Binomial is an algebraic expression of the sum or the difference of two terms. Before knowing about binomial distribution, we must know about the binomial theorem.