A small study (n=10) is designed to assess if there is an association between smoking in pregnancy and low birth weight. Low birth weight babies are those born less than 5.5 pounds. The following data represent the birth weights, in pounds, of babies born to mothers who reported smoking in pregnancy and those who did not. Mother smoked in pregnancy 5.0 4.2 4.8 3.3 3.9 Mother did not smoke during pregnancy 5.1 4.9 5.3 5.4 4.6 Is there a significant difference in birth weights between mother who smoked during pregnancy and those who did not? Apply the Mann Whitney U Test at a 5% level of significance. Complete the table below. Total Sample (Ordered Smallest to Largest) Ranks Mother Smoked in Pregnancy Mother Did Not Smoke in Pregnancy Rank Smoked Did Not Smoke Smoked Did Not Smoke 5.0 5.1 1 3.3 4.2 4.9 2 4.8 5.3 3 3.3 5.4 4 4.6 3.9 4.6 5 6 7 8 9 10 R1=____ R2=____ cont. Alpha= ________ N1= ________ N2= ________ Critical value U= ________ Smaller of U1 and U2 = ________ Based on comparing the Smaller of U1 and U2 to the Critical value which of the following is (are) true? There is significant evidence at alpha=0.05 to show that the populations of birth weights in mothers who smoked in pregnancy and those who did not are not equal. There is not significant evidence at alpha =0.05 to show that the populations of birth weights in mothers who smoked in pregnancy and those who did not are not equal. There are not enough data points to reach a conclusion. The tied value makes the analysis suspect.
Correlation
Correlation defines a relationship between two independent variables. It tells the degree to which variables move in relation to each other. When two sets of data are related to each other, there is a correlation between them.
Linear Correlation
A correlation is used to determine the relationships between numerical and categorical variables. In other words, it is an indicator of how things are connected to one another. The correlation analysis is the study of how variables are related.
Regression Analysis
Regression analysis is a statistical method in which it estimates the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variable. In simple terms dependent variable is called as outcome variable and independent variable is called as predictors. Regression analysis is one of the methods to find the trends in data. The independent variable used in Regression analysis is named Predictor variable. It offers data of an associated dependent variable regarding a particular outcome.
- A small study (n=10) is designed to assess if there is an association between smoking in pregnancy and low birth weight. Low birth weight babies are those born less than 5.5 pounds. The following data represent the birth weights, in pounds, of babies born to mothers who reported smoking in pregnancy and those who did not.
Mother smoked in pregnancy 5.0 4.2 4.8 3.3 3.9
Mother did not smoke during pregnancy 5.1 4.9 5.3 5.4 4.6
Is there a significant difference in birth weights between mother who smoked during pregnancy and those who did not? Apply the Mann Whitney U Test at a 5% level of significance.
Complete the table below.
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Total Sample (Ordered Smallest to Largest) |
Ranks |
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Mother Smoked in Pregnancy |
Mother Did Not Smoke in Pregnancy |
R |
Smoked |
Did Not Smoke |
Smoked |
Did Not Smoke |
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5.0 |
5.1 |
1 |
3.3 |
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4.2 |
4.9 |
2 |
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4.8 |
5.3 |
3 |
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3.3 |
5.4 |
4 |
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4.6 |
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3.9 |
4.6 |
5 |
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6 |
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7 |
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8 |
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9 |
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10 |
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R1=____ |
R2=____ |
- cont.
Alpha= ________
N1= ________
N2= ________
Critical value U= ________
Smaller of U1 and U2 = ________
Based on comparing the Smaller of U1 and U2 to the Critical value which of the following is (are) true?
- There is significant evidence at alpha=0.05 to show that the populations of birth weights in mothers who smoked in pregnancy and those who did not are not equal.
- There is not significant evidence at alpha =0.05 to show that the populations of birth weights in mothers who smoked in pregnancy and those who did not are not equal.
- There are not enough data points to reach a conclusion.
- The tied value makes the analysis suspect.
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