Answered: A substance with a high vapor pressure…

A substance with a high vapor pressure is an indication that the substance has intermolecular forces in the liquid form.

Chemistry for Engineering Students

4th Edition

ISBN:9781337398909

Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme

Publisher:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme

Chapter8: Molecules And Materials

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8.84PAE

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Crystal Structures

Solids are present all around us. They have different properties and applications. Diamond and graphite are two well-known solids. Diamond is the hardest material in the world and is used in making jewelry. Graphite on the other hand is soft. The lead of your pencil is graphite. Why are they so different in appearance and properties despite the fact they are chemically the same? Both are allotropes of carbon. The answer lies in the structure, the way constituent particles are arranged in the solids.

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What are intermolecular forces? How do they differ from intramolecular forces? What are dipole-dipole forces? How do typical dipole-dipole forces differ from hydrogen bonding interactions? In what ways are they similar? What are London dispersion forces? How do typical London dispersion forces differ from dipole-dipole forces? In what ways are they similar? Describe the relationship between molecular size and strength of London dispersion forces. Place the major types of intermolecular forces in order of increasing strength. Is there some overlap? That is, can the strongest London dispersion forces be greater than some dipole-dipole forces? Give an example of such an instance.
Carbon tetrachloride, CCl4, was once used as a dry cleaning solvent, but is no longer used because it is carcinogenic. At 57.8 C, the vapor pressure of CCl4 is 54.0 kPa, and its enthalpy of vaporization is 33.05 kJ/mol. Use this information to estimate the normal boiling point for CC14.
ou seal a container half-filled with water. Which best describes what occurs in the container? Water evaporates until the air becomes saturated with water vapor; at this point, no more water evaporates. Water evaporates until the air becomes overly saturated (supersaturated) with water, and most of this water recondenses; this cycle continues until a certain amount of water vapor is present, and then the cycle ceases. The water does not evaporate because the container sealed. Water evaporates, and thou water evaporates and recondenses simultaneously and continuously. The water evaporates until it is eventually all in vapor form. stify your choice, and for choices you did not pick, explain what is wrong with them.
The heats of vaporization of liquid O2, liquid Ne, and liquid methanol, CH3OH, are 6.8 kJ/moL 1.8 kJ/mol, and 34.5 kJ/mol, respectively. Are the relative values as you would expect? Explain.
In the blanks provided, answer the questions below, using LT (for is less than), GT (for is greater than), EQ (for is equal to), or MI (for more information required). (a) The boiling point of C3H7OH(MM=60.0g/mol)the boiling point of (MM=58.0g/mol). (b) The vapor pressure of X is 250 mm Hg at 57C. Given a sealed flask at 57C that contains only gas, the pressure in the flask 245 mm Hg. (c) The melting-point curve for Y tilts to the right of a straight line. density of Y(l) the density of Y(s). (d) The normal boiling point of A is 85C, while the normal boiling point of B is 45C. The vapor pressure of A at 85C the vapor pressure of B at 45C. (e) The triple point of A is 25 mm Hg and 5C. The melting point of A 5C.
Classify each of the following statements as true or false. a Intermolecular attractions are stronger in liquids than in gases. b Substances with weak intermolecular attractions generally have low vapor pressures. c Liquids with high molar heats of vaporization usually are more viscous than liquids with low molar heats of vaporization. d A substance with a relatively high surface tension usually has a very low boiling point. e All other things being equal, hydrogen bonds are weaker than induced dipole or dipole forces. f Induced dipole forces become very strong between large molecules. g Other things being equal, nonpolar molecules have stronger intermolecular attractions than polar molecules. h The essential feature of a dynamic equilibrium is that the rates of opposing changes are equal. i Equilibrium vapor pressure depends on the concentration of a vapor above its own liquid. j The heat of vaporization is equal to the heat of fusion, but with opposite sign. k The boiling point of a liquid is a fixed property of the liquid. l If you break shatter an amorphous solid, it will break in straight lines, but if you break a crystalline solid, it will break in curved lines. m Ionic crystals are seldom soluble in water. n Molecular crystals are nearly always soluble in water. o The numerical value of heat of vaporization is always larger than the numerical value of heat of condensation. p The units of heat of fusion are kJ/gC. q The temperature of water drops while it is freezing. r Specific heat is conerned with a change in temperature.
What is U when 1.00 mol of liquid water vaporizes at 100C? The heat of vaporization, Hvap, of water at 100C is 40.66 kJ/mol.

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