a. A person ingests an ion-channel inhibitor, such that the ion channels present in the Loop of Henle are only able to pump at half their normal rate? b. What would this person notice about changes to their physiological filtration? (Answer a and b)

If blood pH drops toward the acidic end of the range, what would happen as a result of tubular secretion? O Increased H+ in urine. Decreased H+ in urine O Increased K+ in urine O Decreased K+ in urine.

Active transport requires the use of ATP.  Identify two ions that require active transport to be selectively reabsorbed.

Hyperkalemia is associated with the inability of the kidneys to properly filter potassium out of the blood. Which type of membrane transport do the kidneys use to filter the blood? A. Hydrostatic pressure  B. Osmotic pressure C. Filtration D. Active diffusion

A researcher measured the rate of ADH excretion as a function of exercise. 6. Plasma 4 ADH Concentration (pG/mL) 50 100 150 200 250 Exercise (Watts) Perrault et. al. 1989 Based on the graph above, a student could infer that an increase in exercise effects ADH secretion and the resulting water levels in the blood, respectively, in the following way Select one: a. ADH Secretion Water Levels in Blood Increases Decreases b. ADH Secretion Water Levels in Blood Increases Increases O C. ADH Secretion Water Levels in Blood Decreases Decreases d. ADH Secretion Water Levels in Blood Decreases Increases

2+ Inhibition of this activity leads to the increased uptake of Ca by the distal tubule in the kidney? Answers A - E A Sodium-potassium ATPase (Na+/K+-ATPase) B Sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter (NKC) C Mineralocorticoid receptor D Vasopressin receptor E Sodium-chloride cotransport (NCC)

a. Using Table 10.1, identify the diseases that result when the filtration membranes within the kidneys become damaged and are unable to restrict or regulate the movement/filtration of larger substances. b. What kinds of disorders cause damage to the filtration membrane? ABNORMAL CONDITION CAUSE COMPONENT Caused by glucose levels in the blood that exceed the renal tubule's ability to reabsorb it. It is a common sign of diabetes mellitus. Glucose Glycosuria or Glucosuria Albumin Albuminuria Caused by damage to the glomerular and resulting in the leakage of large quantities of protein, including albumin, into the filtrate. filtration mer Red blood cells Caused by damage to the glomerular filtration membrane, allowing whole cells from the blood to pass into the filtrate. Hematuria Hemoglobinuria Caused by the hemolysis of red blood cells within the bloodstream, which releases hemoglobin into plasma that crossek the glomerular filtraton membrane during Hemoglobin renal filtration. Diseases…

Fred was diagnosed 6 months ago with liver cancer.  His liver is no longer able to make the necessary amount of proteins needed by the body.  What effect, if any, would this have on the net glomerular filtration rate? (Hint, decide which of the 3 forces contributing to the net filtration rate is affected.  Then adjust numbers in the equation to determine if there is an increase, decrease, or no change to the net filtration rate).   Group of answer choices A) Blood colloid osmotic pressure would be decreased, increasing the net glomerular filtration rate. B) Blood colloid osmotic pressure would be decreased, decreasing the net glomerular filtration rate. C) Capsular hydrostatic pressure would be decreased, increasing the net glomerular filtration rate. D) Capsular hydrostatic pressure would be decreased, decreasing the net glomerular filtration rate. E) There would be no effect on the net glomerular filtration rate.

the vasa recta participate in --------- , since they are freely permeable to small solutes and water surrounding the Loops of Henle deep into the iner medullary tissue of the kidneys. A. protein lysis b. re-absorption of glucose c. glomerular filtration rate d. concurrect exchange

1. Prozac Diary: 1A) Contemporary psychopharmacology in psychiatry is largely rooted in the assumption that “behind every crooked thought lies a crooked molecule.” What do you make of this assumption? What are the limitations of such a strictly biological view of mental illness? Do you have reservations about the use of medications as the primary medical response to mental illnesses? (Please incorporate content from the reading in your response).