Activation of β2-adrenergic receptors in vascular smooth muscle stimulates vasodilation / vasoconstriction. Give an example of organs where this occurs.
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Activation of β2-adrenergic receptors in vascular smooth muscle stimulates vasodilation / vasoconstriction. Give an example of organs where this occurs.
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- Activation of α-adrenergic receptors in vascular smooth muscle stimulates (vasodilation or vasoconstriction). Give an example of an organ system where this occurs.Explain the main steps and consequence of the baroreceptor-induced response when systemic vasoconstriction occurs. Describe the physiological benefit of the reflex action you identified.Identify the most commonly used antihypertensives that can produce orthostatic hypotension. Which of the drugs affecting the sympathetic nervous system can also cause bradycardia? Describe the most significant adverse effects of direct acting vasodilators. Compare their effects to phosphodiesterase inhibitors.
- Sympathetic stimulation of blood vessels maintains a state of partial vasoconstriction called _____.All efferent fibers of the vasomotor center belong to the ___________division of the autonomic nervous system.During strenuous exercise, which of the following changes most influences total peripheral resistance?A. Decreased blood viscosityB. Decreased Sympathetic cholinergic activityC. Increased sympathetic adrenergic activityD. Vasodilation in skeletal muscle
- Following a large increase in sympathetic output from the vasomotor center, what tissues will get less blood (increased resistance, reduced flow), and which ones will continue to get plenty of flow? How is sympathetic control of skeletal muscle arterioles different from other vascular beds?Which event will result to generalized vasoconstriction? a decrease in sympathetic nervous system firing a decrease in sympathetic nervous system firing a decrease in parasympathetic nervous system firing a decrease in parasympathetic nervous system firing an increase in parasympathetic nervous system firing an increase in parasympathetic nervous system firing an increase in sympathetic nervous system firing an increase in sympathetic nervous system firing an increase in blood pressureWhat effect does sympathetic stimulation have on stroke volume if thevenous return remains constant? Dilation of the coronary blood vesselsoccurs in response to an increased heart rate and stroke volume. Explainthe functional advantage of that effect.
- A local anesthetic (Na+ channel blocker) should do which of the following Make the resting membrane potential more negative Decrease the after hyperpolarization Block the rising phase of the AP None of theseLeukotrienes from damaged tissue cause smooth muscle in local blood vessels to vasodilate (increase the diameter of the vessel lumen). Is this an example of (a) autocrine stimulation or (b) paracrine stimulation? Explain.Consider the effect of a twofold increase in the ECF concentration of Na+ or K+ ions. Which increase in ion concentration is the more deadly and why? Hint: Consider if the calculated decrease in or the increase in bring the resting membrane potential of the nerve or muscle cell closer to threshold potential? Why would this change in ion concentration stop the heart from beating?