Activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) stimulate protein-protein interactions.   True or False

Q: Which of the following enzymes plays a role in controlling the the half-life of cGMP? (Hint: It is…

A: cGMP or cyclic GMP is cyclization product of GTP by an enzyme called Guanylyl cyclase. This enzyme…

Q: Example of a regulation via cascades

A: Introduction: The series of reactions that happens inside the living cell that stated by the action…

Q: The class of enzyme that acts as an effector molecule to generate two lipid messengers from PIP2 is…

A: * phospholipases are enzymes they hydrolyzes a glycerophospholipid  between the glycerol backbone…

Q: exocytosis of

A: The pancreas is both an endocrine and an exocrine gland. It is called the exocrine gland because it…

Q: A mutation in troponin that increased its affinity for its ligand would lead to

A: Troponin protein helps to make muscle in rest Condition with the help of tropomyosin protein

Q: What is the source of the ATP for the kinase reaction?

A: ATP Kinase : It is an enzyme that catalyses the transfer of phosphate groups from high-energy,…

Q: Binding of PGI2 to its protein binding receptor leads to

A: Prostacyclin (PGI2) is basically generated in the mammalian vasculature with increased levels in the…

Q: What does the fact that the two histograms overlap as much asthey do indicate about the extent to…

A: Introduction  PCSK-9 (Proprotein convertase subtilisin-like kexin type 9) is newly discovered serine…

Q: For most signaling molecules, explain why a signal transduction pathway is necessary

A: Introduction  As multicellular organisms are made up of a lot of cells, there must be coordination…

Q: True or False. The binding affinity between a peptide agonist and its specific G protein coupled…

A: Many physiologic methods are managed through the activation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)…

Q: a protein collected through affinity chromatography displays no activity even though it is found to…

A: Protein is made up of one or more amino acids that are linked together to form a chain. The building…

Q: Define phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylserine.

A: Signal transduction: Transmission of molecular signals from the exterior to the interior. The…

Q: a) Draw an alpha 16 linkage between N-acetylglucosamine (phosphorylated at carbon number 6) and…

A: following image shows the alpha 1 6 glycosidic linkage.

Q: Compare and contrast the three major types of membrane lipids. Explain steroid hormones and its two…

A: Biomolecules are the group of compounds or molecules that are produced by the living system. They…

Q: Inactive precursor proteins with removable signal peptides are called _____________.

A: A protein precursor is an inactive protein that can be turned into an active form by…

Q: In a cat, guanylyl cyclase (which receptor that receives the first messenger and initiates the cell…

A: Guanylyl cyclase is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of GTP (guanosine monophosphate) to cGMP…

Q: Describe one function of prostaglandins.

A: The prostaglandins are a group of lipid molecules that are produced near the damaged tissues or at…

Q: functional insulin required the association of two polypeptides known as the A and B chains…

A: Pre transcription control involves in DNA methylation.  Transcriptional control involves in…

Q: ACTIVITY 4.1.2 b highlight the side chain that is unique. Unique features and function Amino acid…

A: Amino acids are molecules that makeup proteins. A typical amino acid has a central alpha carbon to…

Q: Give examples of chemokines.

A: Chemokines are a family of chemoattractant cytokines (small proteins secreted by cells that…

Q: The binding of a _______________ and its __________________ initiates the particular event or series…

A: The binding of a ____LIGAND___________ and its ______RECEPTOR____________ initiates the particular…

Q: A positive regulator (aka modulator) for an allosteric protein will shift the activity curve of the…

A: Note: According to the guidelines only one question is answered please ask another question…

Q: Is protein kinase A a second messenger in the adenylate cyclase pathway?

A: Secondary messenger is the low molecular weight, intracellular molecule produced in high…

Q: What G-protein-coupled pathway results in an increase in intracellular calcium? O G-alpha, O…

A:

Q: Define the term protein kinase?

A: Protein kinases are a group of enzymes that he's in catalysis of transfer of phosphate group from…

Q: Define Rho kinase,

A: Enzymes behave as biological catalysts, as they increase the reaction rate by reducing the…

Q: Exstatin is an intrinsically disordered protein that is an inhibitor of another enzyme.…

A: Proteins are defined as a macromolecule, found abundantly in the living system and performing…

Q: What is up-regulation, and what may cause it to occur?Give an example of up-regulation in the body

A: An increase within the range of receptors on the surface of target cells, creating the cells…

Q: True or False : When the inhibitory Ga (Gia) protein is mutated and increases its intrinsic GTPase…

A: The second messenger, cAMP, is created from ATP by the enzyme adenylyl cyclase. It has at least nine…

Q: True or False: Haworth and Fischer projections allows an individual to see reactive sites in…

A: The structure of monosaccharides can be represented in the Fischer projection or Haworth projection.…

Q: Which of the following would produce the fastest response to G-protein activation? а. cyclic GMP…

A: Secondary messenger/second messenger is the molecule, which is produced upon the activation of any…

Q: When [I] is 10-7 M, 99% of P's activity is inhibited. What is the Kd of this Protein- Inhibitor…

A: Protein can function as enzymes, signal molecule, ligand, receptor, etc. Its function can be…

Q: Continuous exposure of a G protein-coupled receptor to its ligand leads to a phenomenon known as…

A: The desensitization of a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) reaction can be portrayed as the…

Q: Explain the mechanism by which statins lower “bad” cholesterol.

A: Lipoprotein can be defined as a biomolecule that is made up of fat droplets encircled by a…

Q: Explain , What role does phosphorylation of tyrosine residues play in the action of receptor…

A: the phosphorylation of thyrosine residues play an important role in the action of receptor proteins…

Q: Cite a metabolic pathway where active protein kinase is needed and explain its mechanism of action.…

A: Below is the pathway for activation of Glycogen Phosphorylase which is required for maintaining the…

Q: Explain how mutations in the R or C subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) might lead to (a)…

A: Protein kinase A is a cAMP-dependent protein kinase. It covalently attaches protein with phosphate…

Q: Jhat are the two problems that a protein component of an intracellular signaling circuit must solve?

A: Intracellular target enzymes are triggered by cell surface receptors. Such enzymes are coupled with…

Q: How can cAMP’s activation of a single molecule?

A: Introduction  cAMP (Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate) is a secondary messenger which gets produced in…

Q: List three examples of steroid transport proteins.

A: Introduction: Steroid hormones are lipid-soluble. Therefore they are bound to certain proteins for…

Q: In general terms, describe the intracellular processing of a typical glycoprotein that is destined…

A: Glycoproteins are considered as the protein molecules which are attached to the carbohydrate…

Q: G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRS) all have a similar cture nains. When a GPCR binds an…

A: The structure of activated beta-2 adrenergic receptor in complex with Gs confirmed that the Gα binds…

Q: Which statement regarding the effects of phosphorylation on a target protein and the effects of…

A: Phosphorylation may have both the role i.e it can activate or inactivate the protein so, yes…

Q: . AMPK and MTOR can both be considered intracellular signal integrators. Explain this definition.

A: The mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR)  is a kinase encoded by MTOR gene in humans. AMPK (5' AMP…

Q: Signal transduction pathway. Sketch a G protein in the active and inactive stages, and label its…

A: Signal transduction can be defined as the process by which physical/chemical signals are transmitted…

Q: AMPK and mTOR can both be considered intracellular signal integrators. Explain this definition.

A: A cell responds to its environment by action of enzyme cascades. This signaling is an ability of…

Q: Explain the significance of protein turnover regulation.

A: Introduction: Protein turnover is a process by the which older proteins are replaced inside the cell…

Q: Receptor tyrosine kinase’s catalyze the phosphorylation of target proteins which means they are…

A: Receptor tyrosine kinase are important part of signal transduction pathway. Kinase name is given to…

Q: To examine: Whether the statement "protein tyrosine phosphatases display exquisite specificity for…

A: Protein tyrosine phosphatases shows exquisite specificity for their substrates.