Alanine, cysteine, glycine, serine, and threonine are amino acids whose breakdown yields pyruvate. Which, if any, of the remaining 15 amino acids also do so?

Q: Why must cholesterol be transported through the bloodstream in lipoprotein particles?

A: Proteins are known to be extremely complex macromolecular components. They are located in all living…

Q: Why is it more efficient to store energy as fat than as glycogen?

A: Energy is the main fuel for living beings, as all the physiology of body works only because of the…

Q: Amino groups in amino acids are removed by oxidative deamination followed by transamination.

A: The first step in catabolizing, or breaking down, an amino acid is the removal of its amine group…

Q: What is the importance of glucose-6-phosphate for metabolism

A: The cellular processes take place in a stepwise manner with the help of several metabolic reactions…

Q: Acetoacetate undergoes a spontaneous decarboxylation to produce what?

A: The decarboxylation reaction is the chemical reaction that deals with the removal of carbon in the…

Q: How do germinating seeds convert their triacylglycerol reserves to the glucose molecules required in…

A: Triacylglycerols are commonly located in the endosperm or cotyledon tissue of the seeds.…

Q: Can any of the amino acids (pyruvate, acetyl Co A, Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate (PGAL), alpha…

A: Gluconeogenesis is the process of synthesis of glucose from the non-carbohydrate source like amino…

Q: What is the most significant chemical difference between triacylglycerols and glycerophospholipids…

A: Triglycerides: Triglycerides are simple lipid molecules made up of glycerol backbone attached with…

Q: What is meant by the glycome?

A: Carbohydrate is an important biomolecule that is added in the diet to generate energy in the body.…

Q: What are short-chain fatty acids? Are they present in any food that contains fat?

A: Lipids are the macromolecules that are defined as esters of triacylglycerols and composed of carbon…

Q: What are the possible fates of the amino acids from protein catabolism?

A: possible fates of the amino acids from protein catabolism are:

Q: Describe the two general metabolic fates of the carbon skeletons of amino acids.

A: Amino acids are biomolecules that are used to biosynthesize proteins. Several amino acids are joined…

Q: Why is acetyl phosphate considered an energy-richcompound while glucose 6-phosphate is not?

A: Energy-rich compounds are compounds having specific structural capabilities that result in a release…

Q: Why is the sequence of reactions that catabolize fatty acids described as a spiral rather than a…

A: The building blocks of the fat molecules in the body is called fatty acids. They helps in the…

Q: What is lactic acid, and why is it important?

A: Cells perform respiration by taking up molecular oxygen. In the absence of oxygen or when oxygen…

Q: What are the structural differences between pyruvate and lactate ions?

A: Pyruvate is the end product of aerobic glycolysis while lactate is the end product of anaerobic…

Q: How is glycogen formed from glucose?

A: The process of the formation of glycogen from glucose is known as glycogenesis. Glycogen is a highly…

Q: What is the metabolic purpose of linking a fatty acid to coenzyme A?

A: Introduction: The process of production of Acetyl CoA is called as transition reaction or link…

Q: Why are glycerophospholipids more soluble in water than triacylglycerols?

A: The cell membrane is composed of a lipid bilayer in which the proteins remain embedded. Among all…

Q: How many carbon atoms are there in fructose? In sucrose?

A: Sugars are sweet-tasting carbohydrates that are the primary source of energy in food. They can be…

Q: In transamination reactions, which of the following is not a donor amino acid–acceptor α-keto acid…

A: Transamination was the process in which amino group  was removed from the  amino acid and transfer…

Q: It has been stated many times that fatty acids cannot yield a net gain in carbohydrates. Why can…

A: Fatty acids are biomolecules made up of lipid and carboxylic acids. They can be saturated or…

Q: How can the remainder of the glycogen molecule be mobilized for use as a fuel?

A: The excess glucose molecules (Greater than 80-120 mg/dl) are permitted via insulin released by the…

Q: Which of the following is not the function of Glycosylation?

A: Answer:  GLYCOSYLATION = This is the important cellular mechanism of secondary proteins within the…

Q: Can an amino acid be both glucogenic and ketogenic? Explain why or why not.

A: The the amino acid is the basic subunit of the protein, which helps to form protein functional…

Q: Which of the following statements about glycosylation is true?

A: Glycosylation is the process by which sugar are attached to the protein to form glycoproteins…

Q: What is the role of bicarbonate in fatty acid synthesis?

A: A fatty acid can be defined as carboxylic acids along with a long aliphatic chain that could be…

Q: What is the origin of the triacylglycerols transported by very low-density lipoproteins?

A: Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) carry about 47% triglycerides and 53% cholesterol in the body.…

Q: Does HCl in the stomach hydrolyze both the 1,4- and 1,6-glycosodic bonds?

A: A glycosidic bond is a type of covalent bond that joins a carbohydrate molecule to another group,…

Q: Why are fatty acids the principal long-term energy reserve of the body?

A: Bio molecules also known as biological molecules. These are the molecules which are produced by…

Q: What is the function of the carbohydrate moiety that is attached to EPO?

A: Carbohydrate moiety of glycoproteins have also been implicated in the transport of metabolites…

Q: Why can galactosemia be relieved by feeding an affected infant a formula containing sucrose as the…

A: Galactosemia is a genetic disorder that occurs due to mutation in the GALK1, GALT, and GALE genes.…

Q: among the amino acids which is directly converted into pyruvate for gluconeogenesis" a. theorine…

A: The synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources is known as gluconeogenesis. This process can…

Q: Is it possible for fatty acid chains to be broken down to produce ATP in the absence of oxygen?

A: Beta oxidation is a catabolic process in which fatty acids are broken down into acetyl co A and…

Q: How does leptin affect the metabolism of lipids?

A: Leptin is a protein hormones which is secreted in the adipocytes when fat deposit increases.

Q: What is the intermediate product in the metabolism of lipids?   What are the two products of the…

A: Lipid metabolism is the hydrolysis of lipids in the cytoplasm to produce glycerol and fatty acids.…

Q: When a 23 Carbon fatty acid is metabolized, what is the total number of (GROSS) ATP produced ?

A: Fatty acids can be metabolized by beta-oxidation. The beta-oxidation produces ATP. In…

Q: Between glucose and fructose, which monosaccharide is metabolized faster? Why?

A: Both glucose and fructose are monosaccharides. Both undergo oxidation and produce two molecules of…

Q: How many different hydrolases are required to convert this polysaccharide to monosaccharides?

A: Carbohydrate metabolism: it is the major source of energy in the living system. The glucose…

Q: What is the name of the reaction that converts unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids?

A: Unsaturated fatty acids : It is a fatty acid in which there is one or more double bond in the fatty…

Q: What is the role of citrate in the transport of acetyl groups from the mitochondrion to the cytosol?

A: Enzyme citrate synthase exist in nearly all living cells and acts as the pace making enzyme in first…

Q: What are the major monosaccharide products produced by digestion of carbohydrates?

A: Monosaccharides are simple sugars that consist of polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones associated with…

Q: Which of the following is NOT TRUE about cholesterol biosynthesis?

A: Cholesterol is a form of lipid and is insoluble in water and soluble in organic solvents like…

Q: Which of the following is NOT required for fatty acid synthesis?

A: The dietary carbs and amino acid if taken in excess can be converted to fatty acid ans stored as…