An amionic polymerization is proceded in tetrahydrofuran and 1,4-dioxane, respecively. Anionicinititos (RLi" and R'K) comprising lithium or potassium ion as counterions are respectively utlized ineach solvent system. Please compare their rate constants for propagation (k,3), and rationalize youranswer. (10%)

Anionic polymerization is a chain growth polymerization. Anionic initiator will transfer electron…

Answered: An amionic polymerization is proceded…

Organic Chemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781305080485

Author:John E. McMurry

Publisher:John E. McMurry

Chapter31: Synthetic Polymers

Section31.1: Chain-growth Polymers

Problem 1P: Order the following monomers with respect to their expected reactivity toward cationic...

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Monomers/initators used in free radical polymerization i) What monomer can be used with benzoyl peroxide and under what conditions? ii) What monomer can be used with di-tert-butyl peroxide and under what conditions? iii) What monomer can be used with hydrogen peroxide and under what condition?
When certain cycloalkenes are used in metathesis reactions, ringopening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) occurs to form a highmolecular- weight polymer, as shown with cyclopentene as the starting material. The reaction is driven to completion by relief of strain in the cycloalkene.What products are formed by ring-opening metathesis polymerization of each alkene?
By measuring molecular weight as a function of monomer conversion, describe how youcan tell whether the polymerization of an unknown monomer was proceeding by a stepgrowth or chain-growth mechanism.
8. When an equilibrium step-growth polymerization is 99% complete, what fraction of the reaction mixture is still monomer (a) on mole basis and (b) on weight basis ?
Order the following monomers with respect to their expected reactivity toward anionic polymerization, and explain your answer:
Draw a chemical reaction scheme for the benzoyl peroxide-initiated polymerization of vinyl chloride showing the initiation, propagation and termination steps. The termination steps should include combination, disproportionation and transfer to initiator. (Assume that there is no secondary decomposition of primary radicals and that regioselective in the propagating step is 100% H-T).
Discuss the suitable initiator to start an addition polymerization. Define what is auto-acceleration, what causes this effect and how to minimize this effect. Briefly discuss emulsion and suspension polymerization techniques.
explain in detail the mechanism for the photoinduced step-growth polymerization of n-ethylcarbazole.
Draw/sketch and describe a three dimensional representation of a isotactic polyvinyl bromide with a degree of polymerization equal to 6
Discuss the characteristics of radical polymerization. Include in your answer adetailed discussion of the key phases (steps) of radical polymerization, andmention at least one initiator that can be used in radical polymerization. Give a schematic plot for the relationship between the monomer conversion and the polymer molecular weight in radical polymerisation (chain growthpolymerisation).
Predict the order of reactivity (and justify your prediction) of the given monomers. Styrene, 2-vinylpyridine, 3-vinylpyridine, and 4-vinyl pyridine in anionic polymerization. Styrene, p-methoxystyrene, p-chlorostyrene, and p-methylstyrene in cationic polymerization. and Sketch the average number molecular weight as a function of monomer conversion for the following processes: condensation polymerization and free radical polymerization. Explain the differences.
1.- How does the molecular weight change vs % conversion in a step polymerization? Explain this behavior and why does it occur? 2.- Name at least 3 requirements for obtaining a high molecular weight polymer by step polymerization. 3.- How can you minimize cyclization reactions in a step polymerization? Explain with equations and narrative Why do you want to minimize cyclization? Is it possible to eliminate cyclic products completely?

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