an intermediate in glycolysis. Glycerol backbone of a fat molecule can be converted to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, Assuming that the single glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate undergoes complete oxidation to CO₂, how many ATPs are produced by oxidative phosphorylation only (i.e. exclude ATPs from substrate level phosphorylation) from a single fat molecule? O 20 O 18 O 17 O 15 08
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- Comparing Glycolysis Entry Points for Sucrose Sucrose can enter glycolysis by either of two routes: Sucrose phosphorylase: Sucrose + Pi fructose + glucose-1-phosphate Invertase: Sucrose + H20 fructose + glucose Would either of these reactions offer Jin advantage over the other In the preparation of hexoses fur entry into glycolysis?The Effect of lodoacetic Acid on the Glyceraldehyde-3-P Dehydrogenase Reaction (Integrates with Chapters 4 and 14.) How might iodoacetic acid affect the glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase reaction in glycolysis? Justify your answer.Complete oxidation of a 16-carbon fatty acid can yield 129 molecules of ATP Study Figure 19.2 and determine how many ATP molecules would be generated if a 16-carbon fatly acid were metabolized solely by the TCA cycle, in the form of S acetyl-CoA molecules.
- How many molecules of ATP are produced from the complete metabolism of 2.12g of triacylglycerol containing two stearic acid chains and one palmitic acid chain? Assume that all electrons of cytosolic NADH are transferred through the dihydroxyacetone phosphate/glycerol 3-phosphate shuttleIf a liver extract capable of carrying out normal metabolic reactions (including gluconeogenesis) is incubated with labeled pyruvate labeled with carbon-13 at the carbonyl carbon atom (shown in red below), where would the label be found in glucose? Explain, including schemes of the reactions to support your answer. 13 H3C coo®What yield of ATP can be expected from complete oxidation of each of the following substrates by the reactionsof glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation?(a) Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate(b) Glucose(c) Phosphoenolpyruvate(d) Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate(e) NADH(f) Pyruvate
- What if the phosphate group for the glycolysis reaction with enzyme glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase was from ATP instead of Pi? What would the complete, balanced, net rxn of glycoslysisequation be and how does this impact the overall glycolysis rxn?If palmitic acid is subjected to complete combustion in a bomb calorimeter, one can calculate a standard free energy of combustion of 9788 kJ/mol. From the ATP yield of palmitate oxidation, what is the metabolic efficiency of the biological oxidation, in terms of kilojoules saved as ATP per kilojoule released? (Ignore the cost of fatty acid activation.)In order for fatty acids to enter the mitochondria to be catabolized via β-oxidation, they must first be reacted with coenzyme A (reaction ①). Use the equations below to answer parts a-c. ① Fatty Acid + CoA → Fatty Acid—CoA ΔG = ??? ② ATP → AMP + PPi ΔG = ─45.6 kJ/mol ③ PPi → 2 Pi ΔG = ─19.2 kJ/mol ④ Fatty Acid + ATP + CoA → FA—CoA + AMP + 2 Pi ΔG = ─34 kJ/mol a) Calculate ΔG for reaction 1. b) Suppose the formation of the fatty acid--CoA proceeded via the reaction of ATP to ADP instead of AMP. Calculate ΔG for reaction 5. ① Fatty Acid + CoA → Fatty Acid—CoA ΔG = from part a ② ATP → ADP + Pi ΔG = ─30.5 kJ/mol ⑤ Fatty Acid + ATP + CoA → FA—CoA + ADP + Pi ΔG = ??? kJ c) So why does the…
- How many ATP molecules are generated from one complete metabolism of one molecule of maltose assuming all electrons of cytosolic NADH are transferred through the dihydroxyacetone phosphate/glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle?The steps of glycolysis between glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and 3-phosphoglycerate involve all of the following except: a. ATP synthesis. b. catalysis by phosphoglycerate kinase. c. oxidation of NADH to NAD+. d. the formation of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. e. utilization of Pi.upon digestion of starch maltose, one of its degradation products is further hydrolyzed into its monosaccharide components prior to intestinal absorption and entry into the glycolysis. calculate the number of ATP molecules produced from the digestion and complete oxidation of 1 molecule of maltose considering the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle. question: 4. what is the total number of CO2 released right after the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex reaction