Analyze the situation below and give your responses: The situation: If you live in a place that presently not requiring car drivers not wearing a seatbelt. In addition, considering that you enjoy driving your car without using seatbelt. From your own perspective/opinion, state at least one major cost and benefit of a government proposed ordinance/ a law to abide that would require all drivers to wear seatbelts? 1) Cost: 2) Benefit:
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Analyze the situation below and give your responses:
The situation: If you live in a place that presently not requiring car drivers not wearing a seatbelt. In addition, considering that you enjoy driving your car without using seatbelt.
From your own perspective/opinion, state at least one major cost and benefit of a government proposed ordinance/ a law to abide that would require all drivers to wear seatbelts?
1) Cost:
2) Benefit:
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- These two situations have arisen: Agricultural technologies become available that if used reduce adverse effects fromfarming on environmental quality Water from a uranium mine is leaking into Kakadu NationalPark For each case you are to identify possible external effects that might occur and explain the conditions that would need to exist, and what the government or the affected parties could do, to change these negative situations for the betterment of one or both parties?Kenji and Paolo are considering contributing toward the creation of a building mural. Each can choose whether to contribute $300 to the building mural or to keep that $300 for a new suit. Since a building mural is a public good, both Kenji and Paolo will benefit from any contributions made by the other person. Specifically, every dollar that either one of them contributes will bring each of them $0.70 of benefit. For example, if both Kenji and Paolo choose to contribute, then a total of $600 would be contributed to the building mural. So, Kenji and Paolo would each receive $420 of benefit from the building mural, and their combined benefit would be $840. This is shown in the upper left cell of the first table. Since a new suit is a private good, if Kenji chooses to spend $300 on a new suit, Kenji would get $300 of benefit from the new suit and Paolo wouldn't receive any benefit from Kenji's choice. If Kenji still spends $300 on a new suit and Paolo chooses to contribute $300 to the…Answer all the questions given below and also include sources. Google provides email users with 15GB of “free” storage. Is it really free? If not, what are the costs and who pays them? Theoretically, users who reach their limit also have a third option: they can switch to a different email provider. Why might people be unwilling to do that? Consider the opportunity cost of users’ time associated with spending several hours to delete thousands of emails. If a user is willing to spend 2 hours per week deleting emails to avoid spending $2 per month for storage, what does that say about the value a user places on their leisure time? Is that rational?
- Juanita and Neha are considering contributing toward the creation of a water fountain. Each can choose whether to contribute $300 to the water fountain or to keep that $300 for a weekend getaway. Since a water fountain is a public good, both Juanita and Neha will benefit from any contributions made by the other person. Specifically, every dollar that either one of them contributes will bring each of them $0.70 of benefit. For example, if both Juanita and Neha choose to contribute, then a total of $600 would be contributed to the water fountain. So, Juanita and Neha would each receive $420 of benefit from the water fountain, and their combined benefit would be $840. This is shown in the upper left cell of the first table. Since a weekend getaway is a private good, if Juanita chooses to spend $300 on a weekend getaway, Juanita would get $300 of benefit from the weekend getaway and Neha wouldn't receive any benefit from Juanita's choice. If Juanita still spends $300 on a weekend getaway…Questions for Further Discussion 1. It would seem that neighbors could easily negotiate among themselves to settle problems of local externalities such as noise and unsightly land uses. Yet most communities control these problems with local laws and regula-tions. Why? 2. Suppose courts changed rules regarding burden of proof, requiring polluters to show that their emissions are harmless, rather than pollutees to show that they have been harmed. What impact might this have? 3. Suppose a community weighed each resident's solid-waste disposal when it was picked up and published the individual totals each year in the local newspaper. Do you think this would lead to a reduction in the total quantity of solid waste disposed of in the community?Part D E F needed b) Ana also reads that climate change is caused by carbon emissions from air travel. Two airlines run flights between two cities, Air A and Air B. The government has said that the airlines can produce 100 units of carbon emissions between them, under a carbon permit scheme, and should decide how to split the 100 units between them. Air A and Air B have the same operating costs and the same costs of reducing the amount of carbon that they produce per flight.Say Air A has been operating on the route for over 50 years and the government decides to give all the permits to Air A (based on its long use of the route). Air A offers a proportion R of the 100 units of permits to Air B and Air B can accept the offer or reject it and not fly on the route.• How will the other parameters of the model as discussed in this module affect the value of R* at which Air B accepts the offer?• Say that the government gives the permits to Air A for 5 years, and will gives them to Air B for…
- Various cultures have come up with their own methods to limit catch size and prevent fishery collapse. In old Hawaii, certain fishing grounds near shore could be used only by certain individuals. And among lobstermen in Maine, strict territorial rights are handed out so that only certain people can harvest lobsters in certain waters. Discuss specifically how these systems provide incentives for conservation. Then think about the enforcement of these property rights. Do you think similar systems could be successfully enforced for deep-sea fishing, far off shore?Just answer true or false 1. Mining has negative externalities 2. The social cost of putting up a dam is reduced if the government ensures that the communities adversely affected are relocated in another area with sustainable sources of livelihood 3. Fireworks display during Christmas sponsored by an agency has both positive and negative externalities. 4. When a public space has been enclosed for a concert and people can only get in by buying tickets, the public space is no longer a public good that is non-rival and non-exclusive.High-income people are willing to pay more thanlower-income people to avoid the risk of death.For example, they are more likely to pay for safetyfeatures on cars. Do you think cost–benefit analystsshould take this fact into account when evaluatingpublic projects? Consider, for instance, a rich townand a poor town, both of which are considering theinstallation of a traffic light. Should the rich town usea higher dollar value for a human life in making thisdecision? Why or why not?
- The depletion of the ozone layer is attributed to the emission of Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Before 1990, the use of coolants in refrigerators such as Freon released a significant amount of CFCs. Given the above scenario, is the equilibrium level of refrigerators produced prior to 1990 in the market “too much” or “too little” compared to the social optimum? Explain why this occurs. Support your answer by drawing the private and social, marginal cost and marginal benefit curves for refrigerators. Identify the deadweight loss if any exists. Identify a regulation that the government can use to achieve the socially optimal level of refrigerators. Explain how this regulation works. Explain how the Coase theorem could hypothetically work to achieve the optimal level of CFCs emissions in this context. Enumerate at least one major drawback that hinders the creation of a market for CFCs without any third party regulators in the real world. Assume that the marginal savings for refrigerator…Suppose a city releases 16 million gallons of raw sewage into a nearby lake. Table 12.8 shows the totalcosts of cleaning up the sewage to different levels, together with the total benefits of doing so. (Benefits includeenvironmental, recreational, health, and industrial benefits.) a. Using the information in Table 12.8, calculate the marginal costs and marginal benefits of reducing sewageemissions for this city. See Production, Costs and Industry Structure if you need a refresher on how tocalculate marginal costs.b. What is the optimal level of sewage for this city?c. Why not just pass a law that firms can emit zero sewage? After all, the total benefits of zero emissions exceedthe total costs.2a) Livestock and poultry farming are some of the largest contributors of ammonia emissions. Ammonia has been shown to interact with other pollutants to form ammonium salts that negatively impact air quality and adversely impact human breathing. As a result, economists might suggest that animal products have an associated _________ externality? 2b) Draw the private cost, private benefit, social cost, and social benefit curves in the market for the animal products. If any of the curves are the same, label the curve as both. 2c) Is there market failure if the market runs freely? If so, is the socially optimal quantity of animal products higher or lower than the market outcome? 2d) Provide a policy suggestion that would help to correct any market failures that arise due to this externality. Explain why this would be effective. Can someone please help me and explain this to me please? Thank you so much in advance!!!